Access services with OAuth 2.0

Learn how to authenticate a user to access a secure ArcGIS service with OAuth 2.0.

In this tutorial, you will build an app that uses named user login credentials to access a secure ArcGIS service using OAuth 2.0.

You can use different authentication methods to access ArcGIS location services. To implement OAuth 2.0, you can use your ArcGIS account to register an application and get a client ID, and then configure your app to redirect users to login with their credentials when the service or content is accessed. This is known as user authentication. If the app uses premium services that consume credits, the app user's account will be charged.

You will implement OAuth 2.0 so users can sign in to ArcGIS to access the ArcGIS World Traffic service.

Prerequisites

Steps

Configure OAuth 2.0 for your app

Use the ArcGIS Developer dashboard to create an application, generate a client ID, and define a redirect URL to access secure services.

1. Sign in to your ArcGIS developer account. If you don't already have one, sign-up for free. You need to sign in so you can create an application and get a client ID for authentication.
2. Click the OAuth 2.0 tab in the ribbon at the top.
3. Click the New Application button in the upper-left of the page.
4. In the Create New Application window, provide a Name and an optional Description for your application definition. Then click Create application. When the application is created, Client ID, Client Secret, and Temporary Token values will also be generated.
5. Click the Add URI button at the bottom of the page to add a redirect URL.
6. In the Add Allowed URI window, type authenticate-with-oauth://auth and click Add.

You'll use the `client ID` and `redirect URL` when implementing OAuth in your app's code.

Open an Android Studio project with Gradle

1. To start this tutorial, complete the Display a map tutorial. Or download and unzip the Display a map solution in a new folder.

2. Modify the old project for use in this new tutorial. Expand More info for instructions.

   More info

   1. On your file system, delete the .idea folder, if present, at the top level of your project.

   2. In the Android tool window, open app > res > values > strings.xml.

      In the <string name="app_name"> element, change the text content to Access services with OAuth 2.0.

      strings.xml

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      <resources>
      
          <string name="app_name">Access services with OAuth 2.0</string>
      
      </resources>

   3. In the Android tool window, open Gradle Scripts > settings.gradle.

      Change the value of rootProject.name to "Access services with OAuth 2.0".

      settings.gradle

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      rootProject.name = "Access services with OAuth 2.0"
      
      include ':app'

   4. Click File > Sync Project with Gradle files. Android Studio will recognize your changes and create a new .idea folder.

3. Delete the code that sets your API key. Since your app will be using OAuth, you will not need an API Key.

   MainActivity.kt

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       override fun onDestroy() {
           mapView.dispose()
           super.onDestroy()
       }
   
       private fun setApiKeyForApp(){
           // set your API key
           // Note: it is not best practice to store API keys in source code. The API key is referenced
           // here for the convenience of this tutorial.
   
           ArcGISRuntimeEnvironment.setApiKey("YOUR_API_KEY")
   
       }
   

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   MainActivity.kt

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       override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
           super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
   
           setContentView(activityMainBinding.root)
   
           setApiKeyForApp()
   
           setupMap()
   
       }
   

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Prepare files before coding the app

Modify the files from the Display a map tutorial so they can be used in this tutorial: you will add imports, modify the view point's scale, define strings for OAuth client ID and redirect URI, and add an Android activity for the default OAuth intent receiver.

1. In the Project tool window, make sure that the Android view is displayed. Open app/java/com.example.app, and click MainActivity.kt. Add the following imports, replacing those from the Display a map tutorial.

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   package com.example.app
   
   import android.os.Bundle
   import android.util.Log
   import android.widget.Toast
   import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity
   
   import com.esri.arcgisruntime.layers.ArcGISMapImageLayer
   import com.esri.arcgisruntime.mapping.ArcGISMap
   import com.esri.arcgisruntime.mapping.BasemapStyle
   import com.esri.arcgisruntime.mapping.Viewpoint
   import com.esri.arcgisruntime.mapping.view.MapView
   import com.esri.arcgisruntime.security.AuthenticationManager
   import com.esri.arcgisruntime.security.DefaultAuthenticationChallengeHandler
   import com.esri.arcgisruntime.security.OAuthConfiguration
   import com.example.app.databinding.ActivityMainBinding
   
   import java.net.MalformedURLException
   
   
   class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
   

2. Change the scale of the map's initial viewpoint to 72000.0. This scale will make the secured layer visible without zooming in.

   MainActivity.kt

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         val map = ArcGISMap(BasemapStyle.ARCGIS_TOPOGRAPHIC)
   
         mapView.map = map
   
         mapView.setViewpoint(Viewpoint(34.02700, -118.80543, 72000.0))
   

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3. Open app/res/values and click strings.xml. Enter certain values that you specified while creating your OAuth configuration in Configure OAuth 2.0 for your app above.

   To find these values, log in to the Dashboard with your developer account, click the OAuth 2.0 tab, scroll to the OAuth configuration you created (It will have a name such as "Access Services OAuth2".) and click View Full Credentails.

   In string.xml define strings for the OAuth client ID, redirect host, and redirect uri. Replace the placeholder strings with values from your actual OAuth configuration. The replacement values are not quoted.

   • "YOUR_CLIENT_ID": Replace with the Client ID displayed in your dashboard.

   • "YOUR_REDIRECT_HOST": The host name portion of your redirect URI. Replace the placeholder with the name that follows //: in the Redirect URLS section in the dashboard. Above, we suggested using auth.

   • "YOUR_REDIRECT_URI": The protocol identifier of your redirect URI. Replace the placeholder with the name that precedes //: in the Redirect URLs section in the dashboard. This must be authenticate-with-oauth.

     strings.xml

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     <resources>
     
         <string name="app_name">Access services with OAuth 2.0</string>
     
         <string name="oauth_client_id">YOUR_CLIENT_ID</string>
         <string name="oauth_redirect_host">YOUR_REDIRECT_HOST</string>
         <string name="oauth_redirect_uri">YOUR_REDIRECT_URI</string>
     
     </resources>

4. Open app/manifests and click AndroidManifest.xml. Add an activity for the default OAuth intent receiver.

   AndroidManifest.xml

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           <!-- You must declare this activity, an intent receiver, to display the OAuth login -->
           <activity
               android:exported="true"
               android:name="com.esri.arcgisruntime.security.DefaultOAuthIntentReceiver"
               android:launchMode="singleTask">
               <intent-filter>
                   <action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" />
   
                   <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
                   <category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE" />
   
                   <data
                       android:host="@string/oauth_redirect_host"
                       android:scheme="authenticate-with-oauth" />
               </intent-filter>
           </activity>
   
       </application>
   

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Implement OAuth 2.0 authentication

ArcGIS Runtime provides an API that abstracts some of the details for OAuth 2.0 authentication in your app. You can use classes like AuthenticationManager to request, store, and manage credentials for secure resources.

Add code to set up the AuthenticationManager, which launches a browser window that challenges the user for log-in credentials.

1. In the setupMap() function, after the line that calls mapView.setViewpoint(), create an OAuthConfiguration.

   MainActivity.kt

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         mapView.setViewpoint(Viewpoint(34.02700, -118.80543, 72000.0))
   
         // set up an oauth config with url to portal, a client id and a re-direct url
         // a custom client id for your app can be set on the ArcGIS for Developers dashboard under
         // Authentication --> Redirect URIs
         val oAuthConfiguration = OAuthConfiguration(
           null, getString(R.string.oauth_client_id),
           getString(R.string.oauth_redirect_uri) + "://" + getString(R.string.oauth_redirect_host)
         )
   
   

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   OAuthConfiguration constructor parameters

   The OAuthConfiguration constructor takes three parameters:

   • R.string.oauth_client_id: the URL for the ArcGIS Online organization that is associated with the developer account you used in Configure OAuth 2.0 for your app above. The format of the URL will be something like: https://www.myfirstname-mylastname.maps.arcgis.com.

   • "R.string.oauth_client_id": the Client ID from your OAuth 2.0 configuration.

   • "R.string.oauth_redirect_uri" + "R.string.oauth_redirect_host": the protocol identifier and host name of the redirect uri from your OAuth 2.0 configuration.

2. Create a DefaultAuthenticationChallengeHandler and set it on the AuthenticationManager. Then add the oAuthConfiguration to the AuthenticationManager.

   MainActivity.kt

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         mapView.setViewpoint(Viewpoint(34.02700, -118.80543, 72000.0))
   
         // set up an oauth config with url to portal, a client id and a re-direct url
         // a custom client id for your app can be set on the ArcGIS for Developers dashboard under
         // Authentication --> Redirect URIs
         val oAuthConfiguration = OAuthConfiguration(
           null, getString(R.string.oauth_client_id),
           getString(R.string.oauth_redirect_uri) + "://" + getString(R.string.oauth_redirect_host)
         )
   
         // setup AuthenticationManager to handle auth challenges
         val defaultAuthenticationChallengeHandler = DefaultAuthenticationChallengeHandler(this)
   
         // use the DefaultChallengeHandler to handle authentication challenges
         AuthenticationManager.setAuthenticationChallengeHandler(
           defaultAuthenticationChallengeHandler
         )
   
         // add an OAuth configuration
         // NOTE: you must add the DefaultOAuthIntentReceiver Activity to the app's manifest to handle starting a browser
         AuthenticationManager.addOAuthConfiguration(oAuthConfiguration)
   

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Add a traffic layer

You will add a layer to display the ArcGIS World Traffic service, a dynamic map service that presents historical and near real-time traffic information for different regions in the world. This service requires an ArcGIS Online organizational subscription.

Finally, you will add error code that catches a malformed URL and displays a Toast with the error message.

1. Create an ArcGISMapImageLayer to display the traffic service. Then add the layer to the map's collection of data layers (operational layers).

   MainActivity.kt

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         // add an OAuth configuration
         // NOTE: you must add the DefaultOAuthIntentReceiver Activity to the app's manifest to handle starting a browser
         AuthenticationManager.addOAuthConfiguration(oAuthConfiguration)
   
         val trafficLayer = ArcGISMapImageLayer("https://traffic.arcgis.com/arcgis/rest/services/World/Traffic/MapServer")
         map.operationalLayers.add(trafficLayer)
   

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2. Enclose the code of setupMap() using a try clause. Follow the try with a catch clause that takes a MalformedURLException and calls logError().

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     private fun setupMap() {
   
       try {
   
         val map = ArcGISMap(BasemapStyle.ARCGIS_TOPOGRAPHIC)
   
         mapView.map = map
   
         mapView.setViewpoint(Viewpoint(34.02700, -118.80543, 72000.0))
   
         // set up an oauth config with url to portal, a client id and a re-direct url
         // a custom client id for your app can be set on the ArcGIS for Developers dashboard under
         // Authentication --> Redirect URIs
         val oAuthConfiguration = OAuthConfiguration(
           null, getString(R.string.oauth_client_id),
           getString(R.string.oauth_redirect_uri) + "://" + getString(R.string.oauth_redirect_host)
         )
   
         // setup AuthenticationManager to handle auth challenges
         val defaultAuthenticationChallengeHandler = DefaultAuthenticationChallengeHandler(this)
   
         // use the DefaultChallengeHandler to handle authentication challenges
         AuthenticationManager.setAuthenticationChallengeHandler(
           defaultAuthenticationChallengeHandler
         )
   
         // add an OAuth configuration
         // NOTE: you must add the DefaultOAuthIntentReceiver Activity to the app's manifest to handle starting a browser
         AuthenticationManager.addOAuthConfiguration(oAuthConfiguration)
   
         val trafficLayer = ArcGISMapImageLayer("https://traffic.arcgis.com/arcgis/rest/services/World/Traffic/MapServer")
         map.operationalLayers.add(trafficLayer)
   
       }
   
       catch (e: MalformedURLException) {
         logError("Error in OAuthConfiguration URL: " + e.message)
       }
   
     }
   

   Expand

3. Within the MainActivity class, create the logError() function that takes a String parameter and displays a Toast containing the message.

   MainActivity.kt

   Expand

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     /**
      * Log an error to logcat and to the screen via Toast.
      * @param message the text to log.
      */
     private fun logError(message: String?) {
       message?.let {
         Log.e(TAG, message)
         Toast.makeText(this, message, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show()
       }
     }
   

   Expand

4. Click Run > Run > app to run the app.

You should see the map with the topographic basemap layer centered on the Santa Monica Mountains in California. You will also see the traffic layer, with its symbology of green, yellow, orange, and red roads to indicate current traffic flow. This is a secured layer, which is visible in your app because the user has entered valid ArcGIS Online username and password.