Using Imagery Layers

The arcgis.raster module contains classes and raster analysis functions for working with raster data and imagery layers.

Raster data is made up of a grid of cells, where each cell or pixel can have a value. Raster data is useful for storing data that varies continuously, as in a satellite image, a surface of chemical concentrations, or an elevation surface.

The Imagerylayer class represents an image service resource as a layer. An ImageryLayer object retrieves and displays data from image services. ImageryLayer allows you to and apply server defined or client-defined rendering rules (e.g. remap, colormap), and mosaic rules.

Accesssing Imagery Layers

Imagery layer items are available as content in the GIS. You can search the GIS for imagery layer items, or get them using their item id:

Searching the GIS for imagery layer items

You can search the GIS for imagery layers by specifying the item type as Imagery Layer:

import arcgis
from arcgis.gis import GIS
from IPython.display import display

gis = GIS()
items = gis.content.search("Landsat 8 Views", item_type="Imagery Layer", max_items=2)
for item in items:
    display(item)
Pansharpened Landsat
Landsat 8 and 9 pansharpened and multitemporal 15m imagery rendered on-the-fly as Natural Color with DRA for visualization and analysis. It is updated daily with new imagery directly sourced from the USGS Landsat collection on AWS.Imagery Layer by esri
Last Modified: August 24, 2022
1 comments, 272502 views
Panchromatic Landsat
Landsat 8 and 9 panchromatic and multitemporal 15m imagery with on-the-fly renderings and indices for visualization and analysis. It is updated daily with new imagery directly sourced from the USGS Landsat collection on AWS.Imagery Layer by esri
Last Modified: August 24, 2022
1 comments, 78677 views

Retrieving Imagery Layer item using item id

Imagery Layers items can be obtained using their item id as well:

l8_views = gis.content.get('4ca13f0e4e29403fa68c46d188c4be73')
l8_views
Landsat 8-9 Views
Landsat 8 and 9 multispectral and multitemporal imagery with on-the-fly renderings and indices for visualization and analysis. The imagery in this layer is updated daily and is directly sourced from the USGS Landsat collection on AWS.Imagery Layer by esri
Last Modified: August 24, 2022
4 comments, 252572 views

Accessing ImageryLayer from Imagery Layer items

Like other layer based items in the GIS, imagery layer items allow access to the imagery layer through the layers property of the item. Each imagery layer item has one imagery layer instance in it's layers property:

l8_views.layers
[<ImageryLayer url:"https://landsat2.arcgis.com/arcgis/rest/services/Landsat8_Views/ImageServer">]
l8_lyr = l8_views.layers[0]
l8_lyr
<ImageryLayer url:"https://landsat2.arcgis.com/arcgis/rest/services/Landsat8_Views/ImageServer">

Creating ImageryLayer from an image service url

ImageryLayer objects can also be constructed from an image service URL using the Service class in the arcgis.layers module:

img_svc_url = 'https://landsat2.arcgis.com/arcgis/rest/services/Landsat8_Views/ImageServer'
from arcgis.layers import Service
landsat_lyr = Service(
    url_or_item=img_svc_url
)
landsat_lyr
<ImageryLayer url:"https://landsat2.arcgis.com/arcgis/rest/services/Landsat8_Views/ImageServer">

Creating ImageryLayer from secure image services

If the imagery layer is a served by a secure image service, pass in the GIS object to the ImageryLayer constructor to specify the GIS which should be used to connect to the service.

portal = GIS(
    url='https://your_url_to_org/web_adaptor', 
    username='your_user', 
    password='your_secure_password'
)
secure_url = 'https://your_server:6443/arcgis/rest/services/ImgSrv_Landast_Montana2015/ImageServer'
secure_img_lyr = Service(secure_url, portal)
secure_img_lyr.url
'https://your_server:6443/arcgis/rest/services/ImgSrv_Landast_Montana2015/ImageServer'

Properties of an ImageryLayer object

The properties property on an ImageryLayer object provides a dictionary representation of all its properties. However, you can access individual properties as attributes as well:

landsat_lyr.properties.name
'Landsat8_Views'
landsat_lyr.properties['description']
'Multispectral Landsat 8 OLI Image Service covering the landmass of the World. This service includes 8-band multispectral scenes, at 30 meter resolution. It can be used for mapping and change detection of agriculture, soils, vegetation health, water-land features and boundary studies. Using on-the-fly processing, the raw DN values are transformed to scaled (0 - 10000) apparent reflectance values and then different service based renderings for band combinations and indices are applied. The service is updated on a daily basis to include the latest best scenes from the USGS.'

The capabilities property is useful to know what kinds of operations can be performed on the imagery layer.

landsat_lyr.properties.capabilities
'Image,Metadata,Catalog,Mensuration'

You can access the allowed mosaic methods using the allowedMosaicMethods property.

landsat_lyr.properties.allowedMosaicMethods
'ByAttribute,Center,NorthWest,Nadir,LockRaster,None'

Raster Functions

Imagery Layers can be published with raster functions that can be used to change the visualization of the imagery layer using on-the-fly image processing at display resolution. Raster functions are lightweight and process only the pixels visible on your screen, in memory, without creating intermediate files. Raster functions can also be applied at source resolution across the extent of an Imagery Layer using the distributed raster analytics capability provided by Image Server.

Raster Functions are powerful because you can chain them together and apply them on huge rasters and mosaics.

The code below cycles through the raster functions available with the landsat layer:

for fn in landsat_lyr.properties.rasterFunctionInfos:
    print(fn['name'])
Agriculture with DRA
Bathymetric with DRA
Color Infrared with DRA
Geology with DRA
Natural Color with DRA
Short-wave Infrared with DRA
Agriculture
Bathymetric
Color Infrared
Geology
Natural Color
Short-wave Infrared
NDVI Colorized
Normalized Difference Moisture Index Colorized
NDVI Raw
NBR Raw
Band 10 Surface Temperature in Fahrenheit
Band 11 Surface Temperature in Fahrenheit
Band 10 Surface Temperature in Celsius
Band 11 Surface Temperature in Celsius
None

Visualizing imagery layers

ImageryLayers can be added to the map widget for visualization:

map = gis.map("Pallikaranai")
map
map.content.add(landsat_lyr)

Performing on-the-fly image processing using raster functions

The utility of raster functions is better seen when we interactively cycle through these raster functions and apply them to the map, like the code below does. This is using on-the-fly image processing at display resolution to cycle through the various raster functions, and showing how the layer can be visualized using these different raster functions published with the layer:

import time
from arcgis.raster.functions import apply

for fn in landsat_lyr.properties.rasterFunctionInfos:
    print(fn['name'])
    map.content.remove(0)
    map.content.add(apply(landsat_lyr, fn['name']))
    time.sleep(2)
Agriculture with DRA
Bathymetric with DRA
Color Infrared with DRA
Geology with DRA
Natural Color with DRA
Short-wave Infrared with DRA
Agriculture
Bathymetric
Color Infrared
Geology
Natural Color
Short-wave Infrared
NDVI Colorized
Normalized Difference Moisture Index Colorized
NDVI Raw
NBR Raw
Band 10 Surface Temperature in Fahrenheit
Band 11 Surface Temperature in Fahrenheit
Band 10 Surface Temperature in Celsius
Band 11 Surface Temperature in Celsius
None

Using well-known raster functions

In addition to the raster functions that are published as part of an imagery layer, users can make use of a few well-known raster functions. For instance, in the example below, let us apply an index called NDVI which can be computed using BandArithmetic raster function.

SAVI - The Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) is a vegetation index that attempts to minimize soil brightness influences using a soil-brightness correction factor. This is often used in arid regions where vegetative cover is low. SAVI is computed as below, where L is the vegetation correction factor and varies from 1 to 0. A value L = 1 is used for no vegetation cover and L=0 for high vegetation cover.

SAVI = ((NIR - Red) / (NIR + Red + L)) x (1 + L)
savi_map = gis.map("Cairo")
savi_map
from arcgis.raster.functions import savi

savi_map.content.add(savi(landsat_lyr, band_indexes="5 4 0.3"))

In the example above, we used one of a 'well-known raster function' BandArithmetic to apply a vegetation index. This index illustrates how the banks and delta of the Nile river appears fertile in a relatively an arid Sahara desert.

Chaining raster functions

Developers can chaining different raster functions. For instance, the code below is using ExtractBand function to create a [4,5,3] band combination, and applying the Stretch function to get the land-water boundary visualization that makes it easy to see where land is and where water is. Its worth noting that the raster function is applied at display resolution and only for the visible extent using on the fly image processing.

Let us apply this raster function to the imagery layer to visualize the results. The raster function extracts the [4, 5, 3] band combination from Landsat data that makes it easy to visualize where land is and where water is, as seen below:

from arcgis.raster.functions import *

land_water = stretch(extract_band(landsat_lyr, [4, 5, 3]),
                     stretch_type='PercentClip',
                     min_percent=2, 
                     max_percent=2,
                     dra=True, 
                     gamma=[1, 1, 1])
map2 = gis.map("Pallikaranai")
map2.zoom = 13
map2
map2.content.add(land_water)

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