This sample demonstrates how to save a WebMap to a Portal for ArcGIS item by creating a new item. Saving a web map is easy. All that's required is a WebMap and a valid Portal to save the map to.
Saving to a new item
Create a new empty WebMap instance or load an existing web map in your application. To save an existing webmap as a new portal item call saveAs() method. This saves the web map to a new portal item. Saving will trigger user authentication, and if successful the item will be saved to the given Portal.
/************************************************************
 * Creates a new WebMap instance. A WebMap can reference
 * a PortalItem ID that represents a WebMap saved to
 * arcgis.com or an on-premise portal.
 ************************************************************/
const webmap = new WebMap({
  portalItem: {
    id: "06ca49d0ddb447e7817cfc343ca30df9"
  },
});
// Update properties of the WebMap related to the view.
// This should be called just before saving a webmap.
webmap.updateFrom(viewElement.view).then(() => {
  webmap.saveAs(item).then((item) => {
    console.log("WebMap saved successfully");
   })
   // Save didn't work correctly
   .catch((error) => {
     console.error("Webmap did not save.")
   });
});Please refer to the ArcGIS Organization portals for information on how the ArcGIS Maps SDK for JavaScript makes use of working with portal items.