Geometry objects

Overview

This topic defines the JSON formats of the geometry and spatial reference objects. Geometry types can act as accepted values for operations, such as the Difference operation for geometry service resources or the feature layer-level Query operation, or in the properties of a layer resource, when operations and properties include a geometryType parameter or response property.

The following geometry objects are discussed:

• Point
• Multipoint
• Polyline
• Polygon
• Envelope

Spatial reference

A spatial reference can be defined using a well-known ID (wkid) or well-known text (wkt). The default tolerance and resolution values for the associated coordinate system are used. The xy and z tolerance values are 1 mm or the equivalent in the unit of the coordinate system. If the coordinate system uses feet, the tolerance is 0.00328083333 ft. The resolution values are 10x smaller or 1/10 the tolerance values. Thus, 0.0001 m or 0.0003280833333 ft. For geographic coordinate systems using degrees, the equivalent of a mm at the equator is used.

The well-known ID (WKID) for a given spatial reference can occasionally change. For example, the WGS 1984 Web Mercator (Auxiliary Sphere) projection was originally assigned WKID 102100 but was later changed to 3857. To ensure backward compatibility with older spatial data servers, the JSON wkid property will always be the value that was originally assigned to an SR when it was created.

An additional property, latestWkid, identifies the current WKID value (as of a given software release) associated with the same spatial reference.

A spatial reference can optionally include a definition for a vertical coordinate system (VCS), which is used to interpret the z-values of a geometry. A VCS defines units of measure, the location of where z is 0, and whether the positive vertical direction is up or down. When a vertical coordinate system is specified with a WKID, the same caveat as mentioned above applies. There are two VCS WKID properties: vcsWkid and latestVcsWkid. A VCS WKT can also be embedded in the string value of the wkt property. In other words, the WKT syntax can be used to define an SR with both horizontal and vertical components in one string. If either part of an SR is custom, the entire SR will be serialized with only the wkt property.

Point

A point (specified as esriGeometryPoint) contains x and y properties along with an optional spatialReference property. A point can also contain m, z, and id properties. A point is empty when its x property is present and has the value null. An empty point has no location in space.

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{
  "x": <x>,
  "y": <y>,
  "z": <z>,
  "m": <m>,
  "id":<id>,
  "spatialReference": { <spatialReference> }
}

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{
  "x": -118.15,
  "y": 33.80,
  "spatialReference": { "wkid": 4326 }
}

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{
  "x": -118.15,
  "y": 33.80,
  "z": 10.0
}

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{
  "x": 10,
  "y": 42,
  "m": 9,
  "id": 1
}

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{
  "x": null
}

Multipoint

A multipoint (specified as esriGeometryMultipoint) contains an array of points, along with an optional spatialReference property. A multipoint can also have Boolean-valued hasZ, hasM, and id properties. These properties control the interpretation of elements of the points array. Omitting the hasZ, hasM, or id properties is equivalent to setting the properties to false.

Each element of the points array is itself an array of two, three, or four numbers. It will have two elements for 2D points, two or three elements for 2D points with Ms, three elements for 3D points, and three or four elements for 3D points with Ms. In all cases, the x-coordinate is at index 0 of a point's array, and the y-coordinate is at index 1. For 2D points with Ms, the m-coordinate, if present, is at index 2. For 3D points, the z-coordinate is required and is at index 2. For 3D points with Ms, the z-coordinate is at index 2, and the m-coordinate, if present, is at index 3.

If the points array contains an empty point, it is ignored.

A multipoint can also have an array of double values called ids representing the ids of the points. The ids array must have the same number of elements as the points array.

An empty multipoint has a points array with no elements.

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{
  "hasM": <true|false>,
  "hasZ": <true|false>,
  "points":
  [
    [ <x1>, <y1>, <z1>, <m1> ],
    [ <x2>, <y2>, <z2>, <m2> ], ...,
    [ <xn>, <yn>, <zn>, <mn> ]
  ],
  "ids":
  [
    [ <id1>, <id2>, ..., <idn> ],
  ]
  "spatialReference": { <spatialReference> }
}

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{
  "points":
  [
    [-97.06138, 32.837],
    [-97.06133, 33.836],
    [-98.2, 34.834],
    [-97, 40]
  ],
  "spatialReference": { "wkid": 4326 }
}

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{
  "hasZ": true,
  "points":
  [
    [ -97.06138, 32.837, 35.2],
    [ -97.06133, 32.836, 35.3],
    [-97.06124, 32.834, 35.4],
    [-97.06127, 32.832, 35.5]
  ]
}

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{
  "hasM": true,
  "points":
  [
    [-97.06138, 32.837],
    [-97.06133, 33.836],
    [-98.2, 34.834],
    [-97, 40]
  ],
  "ids": [1, 2, 3, 4]
}

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{
  "points": [],
}

Polyline

A polyline (specified as esriGeometryPolyline) contains the arrays for either the paths or curvePaths properties, and a spatialReference property. For polylines with curvePaths, see the sections on Curve objects and Polyline with curve. Each path is represented as an array of points, and each point in the path is represented as an array of numbers. A polyline can also have Boolean-valued hasM, hasZ, and ids properties. These properties control the interpretation of elements of the points array. Omitting the hasZ, hasM, or ids properties is equivalent to setting the properties to false.

See the description of multipoints for details on how the point arrays are interpreted.

A polyline can have an ids property which is an array of an array of doubles. The ids array must have the same number of elements as the paths array. Each element in the ids array must have the same number of elements as the corresponding element in the paths array.

An empty polyline is represented with an empty array for the paths array.

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{
  "hasZ": <true|false>,
  "hasM": <true|false>,
  "paths":
  [
    [
      [<x11>, <y11>, <z11>, <m11>], ...,
      [<x1N>, <y1N>, <z1N>, <m1N>]
    ],
    ...,
    [
      [<xk1>, <yk1>, <zk1>, <mk1>], ...,
      [<xkM>, <ykM>, <zkM>, <mkM>]
    ]
  ],
  "ids":
  [
    [ <id11>, ..., <id1N> ], ..., [ <idk1>, ..., <idkM>]
  ],
  "spatialReference": { <spatialReference> }
}

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{
  "paths": [
    [
      [-97.06138, 32.837],
      [-97.06133, 33.836],
      [-98.2, 34.834],
      [-97, 40]
    ]
  ],
  "spatialReference": {"wkid": 4326}
}

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{
  "hasM": true,
  "paths": [
    [
      [97.1, 32.8, 5],
      [98.6, 31, 6],
      [99, 30.5, 7],
      [99.1, 41, 8]
    ],
    [
      [-80, 40, 9],
      [-81, 50, 10]
    ]
  ]
}

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{
  "hasZ": true,
  "paths": [
    [
      [5, 10, 20],
      [10, 15, 18],
      [15, 10, 19],
      [20, 15, 21]
    ],
    [
      [30, 20, 22],
      [35, 15, 24],
      [30, 10, 22]
    ],
    [
      [15, 5, 12],
      [30, 5, 12]
    ]
  ],
  "ids":
  [
    [1, 2, 3, 4], [5, 6, 7], [8, 9]
  ]
}

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{
  "paths": []
}

Polygon

A polygon (specified as esriGeometryPolygon) contains the arrays for either the rings or curveRings properties, and an optional spatialReference property. For polygons with curveRings , see the sections on Curve objects and Polygon with curve. Each ring is represented as an array of points. The first point of each ring is always the same as the last point. Each point in the ring is represented as an array of numbers. A polygon can also have Boolean-valued hasM and hasZ properties and an array of id values.

See the description of multipoints for details on how the point arrays are interpreted.

A polygon can have an ids property which is an array of an array of doubles. The ids array must have the same number of elements as the rings array. Each element in the ids array must have the same number of elements as the corresponding element in the rings array.

An empty polygon is represented with an empty array for the rings property.

Polygons should be topologically simple. Exterior rings are oriented clockwise, while holes are oriented counterclockwise. Rings can touch at a vertex or self-touch at a vertex, but there should be no other intersections. Polygons returned by services are topologically simple.

When drawing a polygon, use the even-odd fill rule. The even-odd fill rule will guarantee that the polygon will draw correctly even if the ring orientation is not as described above.

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{
  "hasZ": <true|false>,
  "hasM": <true|false>,
  "rings":
  [
    [
      [<x11>, <y11>, <z11>, <m11>], ...,
      [<x1N>, <y1N>, <z1N>, <m1N>]
    ],
    ...,
    [
      [<xk1>, <yk1>, <zk1>, <mk1>], ...,
      [<xkM>, <ykM>, <zkM>, <mkM>]
    ]
  ],
  "ids":
  [
    [ <id11>, ..., <id1N> ], ..., [ <idk1>, ..., <idkM>]
  ],
  "spatialReference": { <spatialReference> }
}

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{
  "rings":
  [
    [
      [-97, 32],
      [-98, 34],
      [-96, 36],
      [-97, 32]
    ]
  ],
  "spatialReference": { "wkid": 4326 }
}

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{
  "hasZ": true,
  "hasM": true,
  "rings":
  [
    [
      [-97, 32, 18.1, 10],
      [-98, 34, 18.2, 12],
      [-96, 36, 18, 14],
      [-97, 32, 18.1, 10]
    ],
    [
      [-51, 32, 19.1, null],
      [-40, 34, 19.2, null],
      [-30, 30, 19, null],
      [-28, 20, 19.1, null],
      [-51, 32, 19.1, null]
    ]
  ]
}

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{
  "hasZ": true,
  "rings": [
    [
      [5, 10, 20],
      [10, 15, 18],
      [15, 10, 19],
      [20, 15, 21],
      [20, 8, 22],
      [5, 10, 20]
    ],
    [
      [30, 20, 22],
      [35, 15, 24],
      [30, 10, 22],
      [30, 20, 22]
    ],
    [
      [15, 5, 12],
      [30, 5, 12],
      [30, 2, 1.5],
      [15, 5, 12]
    ]
  ],
  "ids":
  [
    [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1], [6, 7, 8, 6], [9, 10, 11, 9]
  ]
}

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{
  "rings": []
}

Curve objects

A circular arc, an elliptic arc, and a cubic Bézier curve can be represented as a JSON curve object. A curve object is a segment in a polyline or polygon. It cannot be used as a stand-alone object.

A curve object is given in a compact "curve to" manner with the first element representing the "to" point or end point. The "from" point is derived from the previous segment or curve object.

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{
  "c": [
    [<x>, <y>, <z>, <m>],
    [<interior_x>, <interior_y>]
  ]
}

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{
  "a": [
    [<x>, <y>, <z>, <m>],
    [<center_x>, <center_y>],
    <minor>,
    <clockwise>,
  ]
}

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{
  "a": [
    [<x>, <y>, <z>, <m>],
    [<center_x>, <center_y>],
    <minor>,
    <clockwise>,
    <rotation>,
    <axis>,
    <ratio>
  ]
}

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{
  "b": [
    [<x>, <y>, <z>, <m>],
    [<x>, <y>],
    [<x>, <y>]
  ]
}

Polyline with curves

A polyline with curves contains an array for the curvePaths property and an optional spatialReference property. Each curve path is represented as an array containing points and curve objects.

A polyline that is a circular arc from (0, 0) to (3, 3) through (1, 4).

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{
  "curvePaths": [
    [
      [0, 0],
      {"c": [[3, 3], [1, 4]]}
    ]
  ]
}

A polyline consisting of a line segment from (3.5, 0) to (3.5, 1) and a clockwise circle starting and ending at (3.5, 1) with center point (3, 2).

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{
  "curvePaths":
  [
    [
      [3.5, 0],
      [3.5, 1],
      {"a": [[3.5, 1], [3, 2], 0, 1]}
    ]
  ]
}

A polyline containing a line segment from (6, 3) to (5, 3); a Bézier curve from (5, 3) to (3, 2) with control points (6, 1) and (2, 4); a segment from (3, 2) to (1, 2); and an elliptic arc from (1, 2) to (0, 2) with center point (0, 3), minor = 0, clockwise = 0, rotation = 2.094395102393195 (120 degrees), semi-major axis = 1.83, ratio = 0.33333333.

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{
  "curvePaths":
  [
    [
      [6, 3],
      [5, 3],
      {"b": [[3, 2], [6, 1], [2, 4]]},
      [1, 2],
      {"a": [[0, 2], [0, 3], 0, 0, 2.094395102393195, 1.83, 0.33333333]}
    ]
  ]
}

Polygon with curves

A polygon with curves contains an array of curveRings and an optional spatialReference.

A multipart polygon with m-values containing a triangle with start/end point (11, 11), a Bézier curve from (11, 11) to (15, 15) with control points (10, 17) and (18, 20), a circular arc from (15, 15) to (20, 16) through (20, 14), and paths for connecting to an older server.

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{
  "hasM": true,
  "curveRings":
  [
    [
      [11, 11, 1],
      [10, 10, 2],
      [10, 11, 3],
      [11, 11, 4],
      {"b": [[15, 15, 2], [10, 17], [18, 20]]},
      [11, 11, 4]
    ],
    [
      [15, 15, 1],
      {"c": [[20, 16, 3], [20, 14]]},
      [15, 15, 3]
    ]
  ],
  "rings":
  [
    [
      [11, 11, 1],
      [10, 10, 2],
      [10, 11, 3],
      [11, 11, 4]
    ],
    [
      [15, 15, 1],
      [11, 11, 2],
      [12, 15.5],
      [15.4, 17.3],
      [15, 15, 3]
    ],
    [
      [20, 16 ,1],
      [20, 14, null],
      [17.6, 12.5],
      [15, 15, 2],
      [20, 16, 3]
    ]
  ]
}

Envelope

An envelope (specified as esriGeometryEnvelope) is an axis-aligned rectangle defined by a range of values for each coordinate and attribute and an optional spatialReference property. The zmin, zmax, mmin, mmax, idmin, and idmax properties are optional.

An empty envelope has no location in space and is defined by the presence of an xmin property with a null value.

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{
  "xmin": <xmin>,
  "ymin": <ymin>,
  "xmax": <xmax>,
  "ymax": <ymax>,
  "zmin": <zmin>,
  "zmax": <zmax>,
  "mmin": <mmin>,
  "mmax": <mmax>,
  "idmin": <idmin>,
  "idmax": <idmax>
  "spatialReference": { <spatialReference> }
}

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{
  "xmin": -109.55,
  "ymin": 25.76,
  "xmax": -86.39,
  "ymax": 59.33,
  "spatialReference": { "wkid": 4326 }
}

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{
  "xmin": -109.55,
  "ymin": 25.76,
  "xmax": -86.39,
  "ymax": 59.33,
  "zmin": -12.0,
  "zmax": 13.3
}

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{
  "xmin": -109.55,
  "ymin": 25.76,
  "xmax": -86.39,
  "ymax": 59.33,
  "mmin": 12.2,
  "mmax": 18.6,
  "idmin": 1,
  "idmax": 3
}

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{
  "xmin": null,
  "spatialReference": { "wkid": 4326 }
}