Display a line of sight | ArcGIS Maps SDK for Swift

Learn how to perform and display a line of sight analysis in a 3D scene.

display a line of sight

A line of sight analysis is a type of visibility analysis that calculates visibility (visible or obstructed) between a designated observer and target. It calculates whether the target is visible to the observer based on the environment and renders a line indicating visibility on the map.

In this tutorial, you will perform and display a line of sight analysis in a web scene. Your line of sight analysis will show which targets (hot spots) are visible, based on the terrain, from specified observation points in the Yosemite Valley.

Prerequisites

Before starting this tutorial:

You need an ArcGIS Location Platform or ArcGIS Online account.
Your system meets the system requirements.

Develop or Download

You have two options for completing this tutorial:

Option 1: Develop the code or
Option 2: Download the completed solution

Option 1: Develop the code

To start the tutorial, complete the Display a web scene tutorial. This creates a scene to display the trails, trailheads, and parks in the Santa Monica Mountains.

Open an Xcode project

Open the .xcodeproj project you created by completing the Display a web scene tutorial.
Continue with the following instructions to perform and display a line of sight analysis in a 3D scene.

Get the web scene item ID

You can use ArcGIS tools Tools, also known as developer tools, are ArcGIS software applications such as portal and ArcGIS Pro that developers can use to prepare content and data for custom applications they are building. Learn more to create and view web scenes A web scene is a scene stored as a JSON object that defines properties such as the basemap layer, data layers, layer styles, and pop-up styles. Its JSON structure is defined by the web scene specification. Learn more . Use the Scene Viewer Scene Viewer(™) is a browser-based mapping tool that can view, create, and save web scenes. Learn more to identify the web scene item ID An item ID is a unique identifier representing a single item stored, managed, and accessed in a portal, such as a web map, hosted layer, or file. Learn more . This item ID will be used later in the tutorial.

Go to the Yosemite Valley Hotspots web scene in the Scene Viewer in ArcGIS Online ArcGIS Online is a GIS mapping, analytics, data hosting, and content management software as a service (SaaS) product. It includes applications, tools, APIs, and location services for users and developers. It is subscription-based and requires an ArcGIS Online account. Learn more . This web scene displays terrain and hotspots in the Yosemite Valley.
Make a note of the item ID An item ID is a unique identifier representing a single item stored, managed, and accessed in a portal, such as a web map, hosted layer, or file. Learn more at the end of the browser’s URL. The item ID should be 7558ee942b2547019f66885c44d4f0b1.

Update the scene

In Xcode, in the Project Navigator, click ContentView.swift.

In the editor, modify the scene variable to create a Scene for the web scene. To do this, create a portal item providing the web scene’s item ID An item ID is a unique identifier representing a single item stored, managed, and accessed in a portal, such as a web map, hosted layer, or file. Learn more and a Portal referencing ArcGIS Online.

ContentView.swift

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    // The Yosemite Valley hotspots scene.
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    @State private var scene: ArcGIS.Scene = {
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        let portalItem = PortalItem(
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            portal: .arcGISOnline(connection: .anonymous),
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            id: Item.ID("7558ee942b2547019f66885c44d4f0b1")!
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        )
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        return Scene(item: portalItem)
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    }()

Set observer and target symbols

Your app will use graphics A graphic is a visual element composed of a geometry, symbol, and attributes that is displayed on a map or scene. Learn more to depict the locations of the analyses observer and targets.

Create a private class named Model of type ObservableObject. See the programming patterns page for more information on how to manage states.
Create a GraphicsOverlay named graphicsOverlay and set some of its properties to display the observer and targets graphics.

A graphics overlay A graphics overlay is a client-side, temporary container of graphics to display on a map view or scene view. Learn more is a container for graphics A graphic is a visual element composed of a geometry, symbol, and attributes that is displayed on a map or scene. Learn more . It is used with a scene view A scene view is a user interface that displays scene layers and graphics in 3D. It uses a camera to control the visible area of the scene and supports user interactions such as pan, zoom, tilt, and rotate. Learn more to display graphics on a scene A scene is a collection of layers that are displayed in 3D. It is typically composed of a basemap layer, data layers, and 3D data. Learn more . You can add more than one graphics overlay to a scene view. Graphics overlays are displayed on top of all the other layers A layer is a reference to a collection of geographic data that is used to access and display data. The data for layers are typically provided by the basemap layer service and data services. Learn more .
ContentView.swift
17 collapsed lines 1 // Copyright 2024 Esri 2 // 3 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); 4 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. 5 // You may obtain a copy of the License at 6 // 7 // https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 8 // 9 // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 10 // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 11 // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 12 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 13 // limitations under the License. 14 15 import SwiftUI 16 import ArcGIS 17 18 private class Model: ObservableObject { 19 // MARK: Graphics 20 21 // The graphics overlay to add graphics to. 22 let graphicsOverlay: GraphicsOverlay = { 23 let graphicsOverlay = GraphicsOverlay() 24 graphicsOverlay.sceneProperties.surfacePlacement = .absolute 25 graphicsOverlay.sceneProperties.altitudeOffset = 5 26 return graphicsOverlay 27 }() 28 29 30 31 }

Create a private Symbol named observerSymbol with a black fill color and white outline. Create another private symbol named targetSymbol with a white fill color and black outline. These symbols are used to depict the location of the line of sight analyses observer and target respectively. Both symbols will be used to make graphics when the locations are determined.

ContentView.swift


17 collapsed lines
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// Copyright 2024 Esri
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//
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// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
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// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
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// You may obtain a copy of the License at
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//
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//   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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//
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// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
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// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
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// limitations under the License.
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import SwiftUI
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import ArcGIS
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private class Model: ObservableObject {
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    // MARK: Graphics
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    // The graphics overlay to add graphics to.
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    let graphicsOverlay: GraphicsOverlay = {
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        let graphicsOverlay = GraphicsOverlay()
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        graphicsOverlay.sceneProperties.surfacePlacement = .absolute
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        graphicsOverlay.sceneProperties.altitudeOffset = 5
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        return graphicsOverlay
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    }()
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    // The symbol to indicate the observer.
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    private let observerSymbol: Symbol = {
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        let symbol = SimpleMarkerSymbol(
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            style: .circle,
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            color: .black,
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            size: 20
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        )
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        symbol.outline = SimpleLineSymbol(
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            style: .solid,
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            color: .white,
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            width: 2
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        )
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        return symbol
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    }()
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    // The symbol to indicate the target.
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    private var targetSymbol: Symbol = {
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        let symbol = SimpleMarkerSymbol(
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            style: .circle,
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            color: .white,
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            size: 20
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        )
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        symbol.outline = SimpleLineSymbol(
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            style: .solid,
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            color: .black,
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            width: 2
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        )
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        return symbol
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    }()
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}

Create line of sight analyses

Visual analyses help you make sense of complex 3D data contained by a scene. Use a LocationLineOfSight to perform and display a line of sight analysis using observer and target locations.

Create an AnalysisOverlay named analysisOverlay to contain and display the line of sight analyses.

An analysis overlay is a container for Analysis objects. It is used with a scene view A scene view is a user interface that displays scene layers and graphics in 3D. It uses a camera to control the visible area of the scene and supports user interactions such as pan, zoom, tilt, and rotate. Learn more to display visual analyses on a scene A scene is a collection of layers that are displayed in 3D. It is typically composed of a basemap layer, data layers, and 3D data. Learn more . You can add more than one analysis overlay to a scene view. Analysis overlays are displayed on top of all other layers A layer is a reference to a collection of geographic data that is used to access and display data. The data for layers are typically provided by the basemap layer service and data services. Learn more and graphics overlays A graphics overlay is a client-side, temporary container of graphics to display on a map view or scene view. Learn more .

ContentView.swift


60 collapsed lines
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// Copyright 2024 Esri
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//
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// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
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// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
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// You may obtain a copy of the License at
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//
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//   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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//
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// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
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// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
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// limitations under the License.
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import SwiftUI
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import ArcGIS
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private class Model: ObservableObject {
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    // MARK: Graphics
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    // The graphics overlay to add graphics to.
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    let graphicsOverlay: GraphicsOverlay = {
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        let graphicsOverlay = GraphicsOverlay()
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        graphicsOverlay.sceneProperties.surfacePlacement = .absolute
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        graphicsOverlay.sceneProperties.altitudeOffset = 5
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        return graphicsOverlay
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    }()
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    // The symbol to indicate the observer.
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    private let observerSymbol: Symbol = {
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        let symbol = SimpleMarkerSymbol(
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            style: .circle,
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            color: .black,
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            size: 20
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        )
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        symbol.outline = SimpleLineSymbol(
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            style: .solid,
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            color: .white,
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            width: 2
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        )
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        return symbol
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    }()
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    // The symbol to indicate the target.
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    private var targetSymbol: Symbol = {
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        let symbol = SimpleMarkerSymbol(
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            style: .circle,
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            color: .white,
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            size: 20
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        )
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        symbol.outline = SimpleLineSymbol(
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            style: .solid,
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            color: .black,
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            width: 2
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        )
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        return symbol
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    }()
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    // MARK: Analysis
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    // The analysis overlay to be added to the scene.
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    let analysisOverlay = AnalysisOverlay()
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}

Create a private variable named observerLocation of type Point.

ContentView.swift


60 collapsed lines
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// Copyright 2024 Esri
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//
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// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
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// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
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// You may obtain a copy of the License at
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//
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//   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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//
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// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
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// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
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// limitations under the License.
14

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import SwiftUI
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import ArcGIS
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private class Model: ObservableObject {
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    // MARK: Graphics
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    // The graphics overlay to add graphics to.
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    let graphicsOverlay: GraphicsOverlay = {
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        let graphicsOverlay = GraphicsOverlay()
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        graphicsOverlay.sceneProperties.surfacePlacement = .absolute
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        graphicsOverlay.sceneProperties.altitudeOffset = 5
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        return graphicsOverlay
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    }()
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    // The symbol to indicate the observer.
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    private let observerSymbol: Symbol = {
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        let symbol = SimpleMarkerSymbol(
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            style: .circle,
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            color: .black,
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            size: 20
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        )
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        symbol.outline = SimpleLineSymbol(
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            style: .solid,
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            color: .white,
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            width: 2
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        )
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        return symbol
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    }()
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    // The symbol to indicate the target.
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    private var targetSymbol: Symbol = {
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        let symbol = SimpleMarkerSymbol(
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            style: .circle,
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            color: .white,
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            size: 20
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        )
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        symbol.outline = SimpleLineSymbol(
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            style: .solid,
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            color: .black,
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            width: 2
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        )
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        return symbol
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    }()
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    // MARK: Analysis
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    // The analysis overlay to be added to the scene.
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    let analysisOverlay = AnalysisOverlay()
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    // The location of the observer.
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    private var observerLocation: Point?
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}

Define a private method named createLineOfSight(scenePoint:) that accepts a Point as a parameter. This method creates a LocationLineOfSight analysis, adds it to the scene view analysis overlay, and adds the observer and target graphics to the graphics overlay.

A LocationLineOfSight is used to perform and display a line of sight analysis between two Point types, like a feature A feature is a single record, also known as a row, that represents a real-world entity. It typically contains a geometry (point, multipoint, polyline, or polygon) and attributes but it can also contain just attributes. Learn more or graphic A graphic is a visual element composed of a geometry, symbol, and attributes that is displayed on a map or scene. Learn more . Alternatively, you can perform and display a line of sight analysis between two GeoElement or graphic A graphic is a visual element composed of a geometry, symbol, and attributes that is displayed on a map or scene. Learn more using a GeoElementLineOfSight.

ContentView.swift


60 collapsed lines
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// Copyright 2024 Esri
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//
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// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
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// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
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// You may obtain a copy of the License at
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//
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//   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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//
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// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
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// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
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// limitations under the License.
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import SwiftUI
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import ArcGIS
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private class Model: ObservableObject {
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    // MARK: Graphics
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    // The graphics overlay to add graphics to.
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    let graphicsOverlay: GraphicsOverlay = {
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        let graphicsOverlay = GraphicsOverlay()
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        graphicsOverlay.sceneProperties.surfacePlacement = .absolute
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        graphicsOverlay.sceneProperties.altitudeOffset = 5
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        return graphicsOverlay
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    }()
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    // The symbol to indicate the observer.
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    private let observerSymbol: Symbol = {
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        let symbol = SimpleMarkerSymbol(
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            style: .circle,
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            color: .black,
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            size: 20
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        )
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        symbol.outline = SimpleLineSymbol(
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            style: .solid,
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            color: .white,
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            width: 2
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        )
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        return symbol
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    }()
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    // The symbol to indicate the target.
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    private var targetSymbol: Symbol = {
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        let symbol = SimpleMarkerSymbol(
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            style: .circle,
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            color: .white,
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            size: 20
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        )
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        symbol.outline = SimpleLineSymbol(
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            style: .solid,
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            color: .black,
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            width: 2
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        )
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        return symbol
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    }()
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    // MARK: Analysis
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    // The analysis overlay to be added to the scene.
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    let analysisOverlay = AnalysisOverlay()
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    // The location of the observer.
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    private var observerLocation: Point?
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    // Creates the line of sight with the scene point.
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    func createLineOfSight(scenePoint: Point) {
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    }
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}

If the observerLocation has no value, set it equal to scenePoint. Create and display a graphic for the observer using the observer symbol previously created.

ContentView.swift


60 collapsed lines
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// Copyright 2024 Esri
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//
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// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
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// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
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// You may obtain a copy of the License at
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//
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//   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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//
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// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
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// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
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// limitations under the License.
14

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import SwiftUI
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import ArcGIS
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private class Model: ObservableObject {
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    // MARK: Graphics
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    // The graphics overlay to add graphics to.
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    let graphicsOverlay: GraphicsOverlay = {
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        let graphicsOverlay = GraphicsOverlay()
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        graphicsOverlay.sceneProperties.surfacePlacement = .absolute
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        graphicsOverlay.sceneProperties.altitudeOffset = 5
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        return graphicsOverlay
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    }()
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    // The symbol to indicate the observer.
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    private let observerSymbol: Symbol = {
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        let symbol = SimpleMarkerSymbol(
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            style: .circle,
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            color: .black,
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            size: 20
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        )
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        symbol.outline = SimpleLineSymbol(
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            style: .solid,
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            color: .white,
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            width: 2
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        )
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        return symbol
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    }()
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    // The symbol to indicate the target.
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    private var targetSymbol: Symbol = {
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        let symbol = SimpleMarkerSymbol(
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            style: .circle,
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            color: .white,
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            size: 20
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        )
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        symbol.outline = SimpleLineSymbol(
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            style: .solid,
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            color: .black,
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            width: 2
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        )
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        return symbol
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    }()
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    // MARK: Analysis
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    // The analysis overlay to be added to the scene.
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    let analysisOverlay = AnalysisOverlay()
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    // The location of the observer.
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    private var observerLocation: Point?
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    // Creates the line of sight with the scene point.
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    func createLineOfSight(scenePoint: Point) {
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        if observerLocation == nil {
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            // Updates the observer location.
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            observerLocation = scenePoint
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            // Adds the observer graphic to the graphics overlay.
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            let observerGraphic = Graphic(geometry: scenePoint, symbol: observerSymbol)
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            graphicsOverlay.addGraphic(observerGraphic)
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        }
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    }
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}

If observerLocation has a value, create a new LocationLineOfSight analysis using the observerLocation and scenePoint. Add the line of sight analysis to the analysis overlay using addAnalysis(_:). Create the target graphic and add it to the graphics overlay to show the target point.

ContentView.swift


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// Copyright 2024 Esri
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//
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// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
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// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
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// You may obtain a copy of the License at
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//
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//   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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//
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// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
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// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
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// limitations under the License.
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import SwiftUI
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import ArcGIS
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private class Model: ObservableObject {
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    // MARK: Graphics
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    // The graphics overlay to add graphics to.
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    let graphicsOverlay: GraphicsOverlay = {
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        let graphicsOverlay = GraphicsOverlay()
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        graphicsOverlay.sceneProperties.surfacePlacement = .absolute
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        graphicsOverlay.sceneProperties.altitudeOffset = 5
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        return graphicsOverlay
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    }()
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    // The symbol to indicate the observer.
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    private let observerSymbol: Symbol = {
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        let symbol = SimpleMarkerSymbol(
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            style: .circle,
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            color: .black,
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            size: 20
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        )
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        symbol.outline = SimpleLineSymbol(
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            style: .solid,
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            color: .white,
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            width: 2
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        )
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        return symbol
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    }()
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    // The symbol to indicate the target.
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    private var targetSymbol: Symbol = {
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        let symbol = SimpleMarkerSymbol(
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            style: .circle,
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            color: .white,
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            size: 20
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        )
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        symbol.outline = SimpleLineSymbol(
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            style: .solid,
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            color: .black,
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            width: 2
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        )
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        return symbol
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    }()
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    // MARK: Analysis
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    // The analysis overlay to be added to the scene.
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    let analysisOverlay = AnalysisOverlay()
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    // The location of the observer.
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    private var observerLocation: Point?
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    // Creates the line of sight with the scene point.
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    func createLineOfSight(scenePoint: Point) {
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        if observerLocation == nil {
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            // Updates the observer location.
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            observerLocation = scenePoint
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            // Adds the observer graphic to the graphics overlay.
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            let observerGraphic = Graphic(geometry: scenePoint, symbol: observerSymbol)
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            graphicsOverlay.addGraphic(observerGraphic)
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        }
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        else if let observerLocation {
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            // Creates and sets the line of sight analysis with the tapped scene point.
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            let lineOfSight = LocationLineOfSight(observerLocation: observerLocation, targetLocation: scenePoint)
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            // Adds the line of sight to the analysis overlay.
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            analysisOverlay.addAnalysis(lineOfSight)
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            // Creates a target graphic and adds it to the graphics overlay.
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            let targetGraphic = Graphic(geometry: scenePoint, symbol: targetSymbol)
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            graphicsOverlay.addGraphic(targetGraphic)
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        }
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    }
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}

Define a private method named clearAnalyses() to remove all line of sight analyses from the scene view, remove all graphics from the graphics overlay, and set the lineOfSight variable to nil.

ContentView.swift


78 collapsed lines
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// Copyright 2024 Esri
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//
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// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
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// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
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// You may obtain a copy of the License at
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//
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//   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
8
//
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// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
10
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
12
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
13
// limitations under the License.
14

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import SwiftUI
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import ArcGIS
17

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private class Model: ObservableObject {
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    // MARK: Graphics
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    // The graphics overlay to add graphics to.
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    let graphicsOverlay: GraphicsOverlay = {
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        let graphicsOverlay = GraphicsOverlay()
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        graphicsOverlay.sceneProperties.surfacePlacement = .absolute
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        graphicsOverlay.sceneProperties.altitudeOffset = 5
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        return graphicsOverlay
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    }()
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    // The symbol to indicate the observer.
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    private let observerSymbol: Symbol = {
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        let symbol = SimpleMarkerSymbol(
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            style: .circle,
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            color: .black,
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            size: 20
35
        )
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        symbol.outline = SimpleLineSymbol(
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            style: .solid,
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            color: .white,
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            width: 2
40
        )
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        return symbol
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    }()
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    // The symbol to indicate the target.
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    private var targetSymbol: Symbol = {
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        let symbol = SimpleMarkerSymbol(
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            style: .circle,
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            color: .white,
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            size: 20
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        )
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        symbol.outline = SimpleLineSymbol(
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            style: .solid,
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            color: .black,
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            width: 2
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        )
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        return symbol
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    }()
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    // MARK: Analysis
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    // The analysis overlay to be added to the scene.
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    let analysisOverlay = AnalysisOverlay()
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    // The location of the observer.
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    private var observerLocation: Point?
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    // Creates the line of sight with the scene point.
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    func createLineOfSight(scenePoint: Point) {
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        if observerLocation == nil {
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            // Updates the observer location.
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            observerLocation = scenePoint
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            // Adds the observer graphic to the graphics overlay.
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            let observerGraphic = Graphic(geometry: scenePoint, symbol: observerSymbol)
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            graphicsOverlay.addGraphic(observerGraphic)
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        }
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        else if let observerLocation {
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            // Creates and sets the line of sight analysis with the tapped scene point.
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            let lineOfSight = LocationLineOfSight(observerLocation: observerLocation, targetLocation: scenePoint)
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            // Adds the line of sight to the analysis overlay.
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            analysisOverlay.addAnalysis(lineOfSight)
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            // Creates a target graphic and adds it to the graphics overlay.
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            let targetGraphic = Graphic(geometry: scenePoint, symbol: targetSymbol)
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            graphicsOverlay.addGraphic(targetGraphic)
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        }
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    }
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    // Resets the observer location and clears all graphics and analyses.
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    func clearAnalyses() {
93
        analysisOverlay.removeAllAnalyses()
94
        graphicsOverlay.removeAllGraphics()
95
        observerLocation = nil
96
    }
2 collapsed lines
97

98
}

Display the line of sight analyses with touch events

Touch events determine where to place the observer and targets as well as display line of sight analyses. A user taps to place targets and then long-press and drags to place the observer and display line of sight analyses.

The first step to displaying the analyses and graphics is to add the analysis and graphics overlays to the scene view. In the ContentView struct, create a variable of type Model with a @StateObject property wrapper and add the overlays to the scene view.

ContentView.swift


99 collapsed lines
1
// Copyright 2024 Esri
2
//
3
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
4
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
5
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
6
//
7
//   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
8
//
9
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
10
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
11
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
12
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
13
// limitations under the License.
14

15
import SwiftUI
16
import ArcGIS
17

18
private class Model: ObservableObject {
19
    // MARK: Graphics
20

21
    // The graphics overlay to add graphics to.
22
    let graphicsOverlay: GraphicsOverlay = {
23
        let graphicsOverlay = GraphicsOverlay()
24
        graphicsOverlay.sceneProperties.surfacePlacement = .absolute
25
        graphicsOverlay.sceneProperties.altitudeOffset = 5
26
        return graphicsOverlay
27
    }()
28

29
    // The symbol to indicate the observer.
30
    private let observerSymbol: Symbol = {
31
        let symbol = SimpleMarkerSymbol(
32
            style: .circle,
33
            color: .black,
34
            size: 20
35
        )
36
        symbol.outline = SimpleLineSymbol(
37
            style: .solid,
38
            color: .white,
39
            width: 2
40
        )
41
        return symbol
42
    }()
43

44
    // The symbol to indicate the target.
45
    private var targetSymbol: Symbol = {
46
        let symbol = SimpleMarkerSymbol(
47
            style: .circle,
48
            color: .white,
49
            size: 20
50
        )
51
        symbol.outline = SimpleLineSymbol(
52
            style: .solid,
53
            color: .black,
54
            width: 2
55
        )
56
        return symbol
57
    }()
58

59

60

61
    // MARK: Analysis
62
    // The analysis overlay to be added to the scene.
63
    let analysisOverlay = AnalysisOverlay()
64

65
    // The location of the observer.
66
    private var observerLocation: Point?
67

68
    // Creates the line of sight with the scene point.
69
    func createLineOfSight(scenePoint: Point) {
70

71
        if observerLocation == nil {
72
            // Updates the observer location.
73
            observerLocation = scenePoint
74
            // Adds the observer graphic to the graphics overlay.
75
            let observerGraphic = Graphic(geometry: scenePoint, symbol: observerSymbol)
76
            graphicsOverlay.addGraphic(observerGraphic)
77
        }
78

79
        else if let observerLocation {
80
            // Creates and sets the line of sight analysis with the tapped scene point.
81
            let lineOfSight = LocationLineOfSight(observerLocation: observerLocation, targetLocation: scenePoint)
82
            // Adds the line of sight to the analysis overlay.
83
            analysisOverlay.addAnalysis(lineOfSight)
84
            // Creates a target graphic and adds it to the graphics overlay.
85
            let targetGraphic = Graphic(geometry: scenePoint, symbol: targetSymbol)
86
            graphicsOverlay.addGraphic(targetGraphic)
87
        }
88

89
    }
90

91
    // Resets the observer location and clears all graphics and analyses.
92
    func clearAnalyses() {
93
        analysisOverlay.removeAllAnalyses()
94
        graphicsOverlay.removeAllGraphics()
95
        observerLocation = nil
96
    }
97

98
}
99

100
struct ContentView: View {
101

102
    // An ObservableObject containing the scene, graphics overlay, and analysis overlay.
103
    @StateObject private var model = Model()
104

105
    // The Yosemite Valley hotspots scene.
106
    @State private var scene: ArcGIS.Scene = {
107

108
        let portalItem = PortalItem(
109
            portal: .arcGISOnline(connection: .anonymous),
110
            id: Item.ID("7558ee942b2547019f66885c44d4f0b1")!
111
        )
112

113
        return Scene(item: portalItem)
114
    }()
115

116
    var body: some View {
117

118
        SceneView(scene: scene, graphicsOverlays: [model.graphicsOverlay], analysisOverlays: [model.analysisOverlay])
119

120
    }
121

122
}

To add a new line of sight with each tap, add the onSingleTapGesture(perform:) method to the SceneView. In the closure, call the previously created createLineOfSight(scenePoint:) method, passing in the scenePoint.

ContentView.swift


115 collapsed lines
1
// Copyright 2024 Esri
2
//
3
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
4
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
5
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
6
//
7
//   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
8
//
9
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
10
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
11
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
12
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
13
// limitations under the License.
14

15
import SwiftUI
16
import ArcGIS
17

18
private class Model: ObservableObject {
19
    // MARK: Graphics
20

21
    // The graphics overlay to add graphics to.
22
    let graphicsOverlay: GraphicsOverlay = {
23
        let graphicsOverlay = GraphicsOverlay()
24
        graphicsOverlay.sceneProperties.surfacePlacement = .absolute
25
        graphicsOverlay.sceneProperties.altitudeOffset = 5
26
        return graphicsOverlay
27
    }()
28

29
    // The symbol to indicate the observer.
30
    private let observerSymbol: Symbol = {
31
        let symbol = SimpleMarkerSymbol(
32
            style: .circle,
33
            color: .black,
34
            size: 20
35
        )
36
        symbol.outline = SimpleLineSymbol(
37
            style: .solid,
38
            color: .white,
39
            width: 2
40
        )
41
        return symbol
42
    }()
43

44
    // The symbol to indicate the target.
45
    private var targetSymbol: Symbol = {
46
        let symbol = SimpleMarkerSymbol(
47
            style: .circle,
48
            color: .white,
49
            size: 20
50
        )
51
        symbol.outline = SimpleLineSymbol(
52
            style: .solid,
53
            color: .black,
54
            width: 2
55
        )
56
        return symbol
57
    }()
58

59

60

61
    // MARK: Analysis
62
    // The analysis overlay to be added to the scene.
63
    let analysisOverlay = AnalysisOverlay()
64

65
    // The location of the observer.
66
    private var observerLocation: Point?
67

68
    // Creates the line of sight with the scene point.
69
    func createLineOfSight(scenePoint: Point) {
70

71
        if observerLocation == nil {
72
            // Updates the observer location.
73
            observerLocation = scenePoint
74
            // Adds the observer graphic to the graphics overlay.
75
            let observerGraphic = Graphic(geometry: scenePoint, symbol: observerSymbol)
76
            graphicsOverlay.addGraphic(observerGraphic)
77
        }
78

79
        else if let observerLocation {
80
            // Creates and sets the line of sight analysis with the tapped scene point.
81
            let lineOfSight = LocationLineOfSight(observerLocation: observerLocation, targetLocation: scenePoint)
82
            // Adds the line of sight to the analysis overlay.
83
            analysisOverlay.addAnalysis(lineOfSight)
84
            // Creates a target graphic and adds it to the graphics overlay.
85
            let targetGraphic = Graphic(geometry: scenePoint, symbol: targetSymbol)
86
            graphicsOverlay.addGraphic(targetGraphic)
87
        }
88

89
    }
90

91
    // Resets the observer location and clears all graphics and analyses.
92
    func clearAnalyses() {
93
        analysisOverlay.removeAllAnalyses()
94
        graphicsOverlay.removeAllGraphics()
95
        observerLocation = nil
96
    }
97

98
}
99

100
struct ContentView: View {
101

102
    // An ObservableObject containing the scene, graphics overlay, and analysis overlay.
103
    @StateObject private var model = Model()
104

105
    // The Yosemite Valley hotspots scene.
106
    @State private var scene: ArcGIS.Scene = {
107

108
        let portalItem = PortalItem(
109
            portal: .arcGISOnline(connection: .anonymous),
110
            id: Item.ID("7558ee942b2547019f66885c44d4f0b1")!
111
        )
112

113
        return Scene(item: portalItem)
114
    }()
115

116
    var body: some View {
117

118
        SceneView(scene: scene, graphicsOverlays: [model.graphicsOverlay], analysisOverlays: [model.analysisOverlay])
119

120
            .onSingleTapGesture { _, scenePoint in
121
                // Places an observer point upon single touch.
122
                guard let scenePoint else { return }
123
                model.createLineOfSight(scenePoint: scenePoint)
124
            }
125

126
    }
2 collapsed lines
127

128
}

Add a UI to control the line of sight analyses

To control the line of sight analyses, some UI is required.

Lastly, create a toolbar and add a “Clear” button to reset the analysis and graphics overlays. The “Clear” button calls the previously created clearAnalyses() method. This will allow users a fresh start to make more analyses.

ContentView.swift


115 collapsed lines
1
// Copyright 2024 Esri
2
//
3
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
4
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
5
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
6
//
7
//   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
8
//
9
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
10
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
11
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
12
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
13
// limitations under the License.
14

15
import SwiftUI
16
import ArcGIS
17

18
private class Model: ObservableObject {
19
    // MARK: Graphics
20

21
    // The graphics overlay to add graphics to.
22
    let graphicsOverlay: GraphicsOverlay = {
23
        let graphicsOverlay = GraphicsOverlay()
24
        graphicsOverlay.sceneProperties.surfacePlacement = .absolute
25
        graphicsOverlay.sceneProperties.altitudeOffset = 5
26
        return graphicsOverlay
27
    }()
28

29
    // The symbol to indicate the observer.
30
    private let observerSymbol: Symbol = {
31
        let symbol = SimpleMarkerSymbol(
32
            style: .circle,
33
            color: .black,
34
            size: 20
35
        )
36
        symbol.outline = SimpleLineSymbol(
37
            style: .solid,
38
            color: .white,
39
            width: 2
40
        )
41
        return symbol
42
    }()
43

44
    // The symbol to indicate the target.
45
    private var targetSymbol: Symbol = {
46
        let symbol = SimpleMarkerSymbol(
47
            style: .circle,
48
            color: .white,
49
            size: 20
50
        )
51
        symbol.outline = SimpleLineSymbol(
52
            style: .solid,
53
            color: .black,
54
            width: 2
55
        )
56
        return symbol
57
    }()
58

59

60

61
    // MARK: Analysis
62
    // The analysis overlay to be added to the scene.
63
    let analysisOverlay = AnalysisOverlay()
64

65
    // The location of the observer.
66
    private var observerLocation: Point?
67

68
    // Creates the line of sight with the scene point.
69
    func createLineOfSight(scenePoint: Point) {
70

71
        if observerLocation == nil {
72
            // Updates the observer location.
73
            observerLocation = scenePoint
74
            // Adds the observer graphic to the graphics overlay.
75
            let observerGraphic = Graphic(geometry: scenePoint, symbol: observerSymbol)
76
            graphicsOverlay.addGraphic(observerGraphic)
77
        }
78

79
        else if let observerLocation {
80
            // Creates and sets the line of sight analysis with the tapped scene point.
81
            let lineOfSight = LocationLineOfSight(observerLocation: observerLocation, targetLocation: scenePoint)
82
            // Adds the line of sight to the analysis overlay.
83
            analysisOverlay.addAnalysis(lineOfSight)
84
            // Creates a target graphic and adds it to the graphics overlay.
85
            let targetGraphic = Graphic(geometry: scenePoint, symbol: targetSymbol)
86
            graphicsOverlay.addGraphic(targetGraphic)
87
        }
88

89
    }
90

91
    // Resets the observer location and clears all graphics and analyses.
92
    func clearAnalyses() {
93
        analysisOverlay.removeAllAnalyses()
94
        graphicsOverlay.removeAllGraphics()
95
        observerLocation = nil
96
    }
97

98
}
99

100
struct ContentView: View {
101

102
    // An ObservableObject containing the scene, graphics overlay, and analysis overlay.
103
    @StateObject private var model = Model()
104

105
    // The Yosemite Valley hotspots scene.
106
    @State private var scene: ArcGIS.Scene = {
107

108
        let portalItem = PortalItem(
109
            portal: .arcGISOnline(connection: .anonymous),
110
            id: Item.ID("7558ee942b2547019f66885c44d4f0b1")!
111
        )
112

113
        return Scene(item: portalItem)
114
    }()
115

116
    var body: some View {
117

118
        SceneView(scene: scene, graphicsOverlays: [model.graphicsOverlay], analysisOverlays: [model.analysisOverlay])
119

120
            .onSingleTapGesture { _, scenePoint in
121
                // Places an observer point upon single touch.
122
                guard let scenePoint else { return }
123
                model.createLineOfSight(scenePoint: scenePoint)
124
            }
125

126
            .toolbar {
127
                ToolbarItemGroup(placement: .bottomBar) {
128
                    Button("Clear") {
129
                        // Resets the line of sight.
130
                        model.clearAnalyses()
131
                    }
132
                }
133
            }
134

135
    }
2 collapsed lines
136

137
}

Run the solution

Press Command + R to run the app.

If you are using the Xcode simulator your system must meet these minimum requirements: macOS 14 (Sonoma), Xcode 16, iOS 18. If you are using a physical device, then refer to the system requirements.

You should see a scene of hotspots in the Yosemite Valley. Long-press and drag to set the location of the observer and tap to add target locations. The application performs and displays line of sight analyses between the observer and its targets.

Alternatively, you can download the tutorial solution, as follows.

Option 2: Download the solution

Click the Download solution link under Solution and unzip the file to a location on your machine.
Open the .xcodeproj file in Xcode.

Since the downloaded solution does not contain authentication credentials, you must first set up authentication to create credentials, and then add the developer credentials to the solution.

Set up authentication

To access the secure ArcGIS location services ArcGIS Location Services, also referred to as Location Services, are services hosted by Esri that provide geospatial functionality for developing mapping applications. They include the ArcGIS Basemap Styles service, ArcGIS Static Basemap Tiles service, ArcGIS Places service, ArcGIS Geocoding service, ArcGIS Routing service, ArcGIS GeoEnrichment service, and ArcGIS Elevation service. An ArcGIS Location Platform or ArcGIS Online account is required to use the services. Learn more used in this tutorial, you must implement API key authentication API key authentication is a type of authentication that uses an API key to authenticate requests to ArcGIS services and secure portal items. Learn more or user authentication User authentication is a type of authentication that allows users with an ArcGIS account to sign into an application and allow it to access ArcGIS content, services, and resources on their behalf. The typical authorization protocol used is OAuth2.0. Learn more using an ArcGIS Location Platform An ArcGIS Location Platform account, formerly known as an ArcGIS Developer account, is an identity associated with an ArcGIS Location Platform subscription. Learn more or an ArcGIS Online An ArcGIS Online account, also known as an ArcGIS Organization account, is an identity associated with an ArcGIS Online subscription. It can be used to access ArcGIS tools and develop applications with ArcGIS location services for an organization. Learn more account.

You can implement API key authentication or user authentication in this tutorial. Compare the differences below:

API key authentication API key authentication is a type of authentication that uses an API key to authenticate requests to ArcGIS services and secure portal items. Learn more

Users are not required to sign in.
Requires creating an API key credential API key credentials are an item that contains the parameters used to create and manage long-lived access tokens for API key authentication. They are a type of developer credential. Learn more with the correct privileges.
API keys An API key is a long-lived access token created using API key credentials. They are valid for up to one year and are typically embedded directly into client applications. Learn more are long-lived access tokens.
Service usage is billed to the API key owner/developer.
Simplest authentication method to implement.
Recommended approach for new ArcGIS developers.

Learn more in API key authentication.

User authentication User authentication is a type of authentication that allows users with an ArcGIS account to sign into an application and allow it to access ArcGIS content, services, and resources on their behalf. The typical authorization protocol used is OAuth2.0. Learn more

Users are required to sign in with an ArcGIS account An ArcGIS account is an identity with a user type and set of privileges that can access specific ArcGIS products, tools, APIs, services, and resources. The main account types that can be used for development are an ArcGIS Location Platform account, ArcGIS Online account, and ArcGIS Enterprise account. ArcGIS Location Platform and ArcGIS Online accounts are also associated with a subscription. Learn more .
User accounts must have privilege Privileges are a set of permissions assigned to ArcGIS accounts, developer credentials, and applications that grant access to secure resources and functionality in ArcGIS. Learn more to access the ArcGIS services A service, also known as an ArcGIS service, is software that supports an ArcGIS REST API and provides geospatial functionality or data. A service can be hosted by Esri or in ArcGIS Enterprise. Learn more used in application.
Requires creating OAuth credentials OAuth credentials are an item that contains parameters required to implement user authentication or app authentication, including a client_id, client_secret, and redirect URIs. They are a type of developer credential. Learn more .
Application uses a redirect URL and client ID.
Service usage is billed to the organization of the user signed into the application.

Learn more in User authentication.

To complete this tutorial, click on the tab in the switcher below for your authentication type of choice, either API key authentication or User authentication.

Create a new API key access token An access token is an authorization string that provides access to secure ArcGIS content, data, and services. Its capabilities are determined by the privileges it supports. It is obtained by implementing API key authentication, User authentication, or App authentication. Learn more with privileges Privileges are a set of permissions assigned to ArcGIS accounts, developer credentials, and applications that grant access to secure resources and functionality in ArcGIS. Learn more to access the secure resources used in this tutorial.

Complete the Create an API key tutorial and create an API key with the following privilege(s) Privileges are a set of permissions assigned to ArcGIS accounts, developer credentials, and applications that grant access to secure resources and functionality in ArcGIS. Learn more :
- Privileges
  - Location services > Basemaps
Copy and paste the API key access token into a safe location. It will be used in a later step.

Create new OAuth credentials to access the secure resources used in this tutorial.

Complete the Create OAuth credentials for user authentication tutorial to obtain a Client ID and Redirect URL.

A Client ID uniquely identifies your app on the authenticating server. If the server cannot find an app with the provided Client ID, it will not proceed with authentication.
The Redirect URL (also referred to as a callback url) is used to identify a response from the authenticating server when the system returns control back to your app after an OAuth login. Since it does not necessarily represent a valid endpoint that a user could navigate to, the redirect URL can use a custom scheme, such as my-app://auth. It is important to make sure the redirect URL used in your app’s code matches a redirect URL configured on the authenticating server.
Copy and paste the Client ID and Redirect URL into a safe location. They will be used in a later step.

All users that access this application need account privileges Privileges are a set of permissions assigned to ArcGIS accounts, developer credentials, and applications that grant access to secure resources and functionality in ArcGIS. Learn more to access the ArcGIS Basemap Styles service The ArcGIS Basemap Styles service, also referred to as the Basemap Styles service, is a location service that provides basemap styles and data for the world. It returns styles as Mapbox styles and web maps, and data as vector tiles and/or map tiles. It supports all of the styles in the ArcGIS Basemap style and Open Basemap style family. An ArcGIS Location Platform or ArcGIS Online account is required to use the service. Learn more .

Set developer credentials in the solution

To allow your app users to access ArcGIS location services ArcGIS Location Services, also referred to as Location Services, are services hosted by Esri that provide geospatial functionality for developing mapping applications. They include the ArcGIS Basemap Styles service, ArcGIS Static Basemap Tiles service, ArcGIS Places service, ArcGIS Geocoding service, ArcGIS Routing service, ArcGIS GeoEnrichment service, and ArcGIS Elevation service. An ArcGIS Location Platform or ArcGIS Online account is required to use the services. Learn more , use the developer credentials that you created in the Set up authentication step to authenticate requests for resources.

Pass your API Key access token to the ArcGISEnvironment.

In the Project Navigator, click MainApp.swift.

Set the AuthenticationMode to .apiKey.

MainApp.swift

    // Change the `AuthenticationMode` to `.apiKey` if your application uses API key authentication.

    private var authenticationMode: AuthenticationMode { .apiKey }

Set the apiKey property with your API key access token.

MainApp.swift

31 collapsed lines
// Copyright 2022 Esri
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
import SwiftUI
import ArcGIS
import ArcGISToolkit
@main

struct MainApp: App {

    // The authentication mode.
    private enum AuthenticationMode {
        case apiKey
        case user
    }

    // Change the `AuthenticationMode` to `.apiKey` if your application uses API key authentication.

    private var authenticationMode: AuthenticationMode { .apiKey }


    // Please enter an API key access token if your application uses API key authentication.

    private let apiKey = APIKey("<#YOUR-ACCESS-TOKEN#>")

43 collapsed lines

    // Setup an `Authenticator` with OAuth configuration if your application uses OAuth credentials.
    @ObservedObject var authenticator = Authenticator(
        oAuthUserConfigurations: [
            OAuthUserConfiguration(

                // Please enter OAuth credentials for user authentication.

                portalURL: URL(string: "<#YOUR-PORTAL-URL#>")!,
                clientID: "<#YOUR-CLIENT-ID#>",
                redirectURL: URL(string: "<#YOUR-REDIRECT-URL#>")!

            )
        ]
    )

    func setAuthentication() {
        switch authenticationMode {
        case .apiKey:
            ArcGISEnvironment.apiKey = apiKey
        case .user:
            ArcGISEnvironment.authenticationManager.arcGISAuthenticationChallengeHandler = authenticator
        }
    }

    init() {
        setAuthentication()
    }


    var body: some SwiftUI.Scene {

        WindowGroup {
            ContentView()

                .authenticator(authenticator)

                .ignoresSafeArea()

        }
    }

}

Best Practice: The access token is stored directly in the code as a convenience for this tutorial. Do not store credentials directly in source code in a production environment.

Use the Authenticator toolkit component to manage your OAuth credentials OAuth credentials are an item that contains parameters required to implement user authentication or app authentication, including a client_id, client_secret, and redirect URIs. They are a type of developer credential. Learn more and pass it to the ArcGISEnvironment.

In the Project Navigator, click MainApp.swift.

Set the AuthenticationMode to .user.

MainApp.swift

// Change the `AuthenticationMode` to `.user` if your application uses OAuth credentials.

private var authenticationMode: AuthenticationMode { .user }

Set your portalURL, clientID and redirectURL values.

MainApp.swift

36 collapsed lines
// Copyright 2022 Esri
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
import SwiftUI
import ArcGIS
import ArcGISToolkit
@main

struct MainApp: App {

    // The authentication mode.
    private enum AuthenticationMode {
        case apiKey
        case user
    }

    // Change the `AuthenticationMode` to `.user` if your application uses OAuth credentials.

    private var authenticationMode: AuthenticationMode { .apiKey }


    // Please enter an API key access token if your application uses API key authentication.

    private let apiKey = APIKey("<#YOUR-ACCESS-TOKEN#>")


    // Setup an `Authenticator` with OAuth configuration if your application uses OAuth credentials.
    @ObservedObject var authenticator = Authenticator(
        oAuthUserConfigurations: [
            OAuthUserConfiguration(

                // Please enter OAuth credentials for user authentication.

                portalURL: URL(string: "<#YOUR-PORTAL-URL#>")!,
                clientID: "<#YOUR-CLIENT-ID#>",
                redirectURL: URL(string: "<#YOUR-REDIRECT-URL#>")!

            )
        ]
    )
28 collapsed lines

    func setAuthentication() {
        switch authenticationMode {
        case .apiKey:
            ArcGISEnvironment.apiKey = apiKey
        case .user:
            ArcGISEnvironment.authenticationManager.arcGISAuthenticationChallengeHandler = authenticator
        }
    }

    init() {
        setAuthentication()
    }


    var body: some SwiftUI.Scene {

        WindowGroup {
            ContentView()

                .authenticator(authenticator)

                .ignoresSafeArea()

        }
    }

}

Best Practice: The OAuth credentials are stored directly in the code as a convenience for this tutorial. Do not store credentials directly in source code in a production environment.

Run the solution

Press Command + R to run the app.

What’s next?

Learn how to use additional API features, ArcGIS location services, and ArcGIS tools in these tutorials:

Display a viewshed

TutorialsDisplay a viewshed TutorialsMeasure a distance in 3D