Analyze hotspots

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Use a geoprocessing service and a set of features to identify statistically significant hot spots and cold spots.

screenshot

Use case

This tool identifies statistically significant spatial clusters of high values (hot spots) and low values (cold spots). For example, a hotspot analysis based on the frequency of 911 calls within a set region.

How to use the sample

Select a date range (between 1998-01-01 and 1998-05-31) from the dialog and tap on Analyze. The results will be shown on the map upon successful completion of the GeoprocessingJob.

How it works

  1. Create a GeoprocessingTask with the URL set to the endpoint of a geoprocessing service.
  2. Create a query string with the date range as an input of GeoprocessingParameters.
  3. Use the GeoprocessingTask to create a GeoprocessingJob with the GeoprocessingParameters instance.
  4. Start the GeoprocessingJob and wait for it to complete and return a GeoprocessingResult.
  5. Get the resulting ArcGISMapImageLayer using GeoprocessingResult.getMapImageLayer.
  6. Add the layer to the map's operational layers.

Relevant API

  • GeoprocessingJob
  • GeoprocessingParameters
  • GeoprocessingResult
  • GeoprocessingTask

Tags

analysis, density, geoprocessing, hot spots, hotspots

Sample Code

AnalyzeHotspots.cppAnalyzeHotspots.cppAnalyzeHotspots.hAnalyzeHotspots.qml
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// [WriteFile Name=AnalyzeHotspots, Category=Analysis]
// [Legal]
// Copyright 2017 Esri.

// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
// [Legal]

#ifdef PCH_BUILD
#include "pch.hpp"
#endif // PCH_BUILD

#include "AnalyzeHotspots.h"

#include "Map.h"
#include "MapQuickView.h"
#include "GeoprocessingTask.h"
#include "GeoprocessingJob.h"
#include "GeoprocessingString.h"
#include "GeocodeParameters.h"
#include "ArcGISMapImageLayer.h"

using namespace Esri::ArcGISRuntime;

AnalyzeHotspots::AnalyzeHotspots(QQuickItem* parent /* = nullptr */):
  QQuickItem(parent)
{
}

AnalyzeHotspots::~AnalyzeHotspots() = default;

void AnalyzeHotspots::init()
{
  qmlRegisterType<MapQuickView>("Esri.Samples", 1, 0, "MapView");
  qmlRegisterType<AnalyzeHotspots>("Esri.Samples", 1, 0, "AnalyzeHotspotsSample");
}

void AnalyzeHotspots::componentComplete()
{
  QQuickItem::componentComplete();

  // find QML MapView component
  m_mapView = findChild<MapQuickView*>("mapView");

  // Create a map using the topographic basemap
  m_map = new Map(BasemapStyle::ArcGISTopographic, this);

  // Set map to map view
  m_mapView->setMap(m_map);

  // Create the Geoprocessing Task
  m_hotspotTask = new GeoprocessingTask(QUrl("https://sampleserver6.arcgisonline.com/arcgis/rest/services/911CallsHotspot/GPServer/911%20Calls%20Hotspot"), this);

  // Connect to the GP Task's errorOccurred signal
  connect(m_hotspotTask, &GeoprocessingTask::errorOccurred, this, [this](Error error)
  {
    emit displayErrorDialog("Geoprocessing Task failed", error.message());
  });
}


void AnalyzeHotspots::executeTaskWithDates(const QString& fromDate, const QString& toDate)
{
  // Create the GP Parameters
  GeoprocessingParameters hotspotParameters = createParameters(fromDate, toDate);

  // Create the GP Job and connect to the status signals
  GeoprocessingJob* job = m_hotspotTask->createJob(hotspotParameters);
  connect(job, &GeoprocessingJob::statusChanged, this, [this, job](JobStatus jobStatus)
  {
    switch (jobStatus)
    {
      case JobStatus::Failed:
        emit displayErrorDialog("Geoprocessing Task failed", !job->error().isEmpty() ? job->error().additionalMessage() : "Unknown error.");
        m_jobInProgress = false;
        m_jobStatus = "Job failed";
        break;
      case JobStatus::Started:
        m_jobInProgress = true;
        m_jobStatus = "Job in progress...";
        break;
      case JobStatus::Paused:
        m_jobInProgress = false;
        m_jobStatus = "Job paused...";
        break;
      case JobStatus::Succeeded:
        m_jobInProgress = false;
        m_jobStatus = "Job succeeded";
        // handle the results
        processResults(job->result());
        break;
      default:
        break;
    }

    // emit signals
    emit jobInProgressChanged();
    emit statusChanged();
  });

  // Start the job
  job->start();
  m_jobInProgress = true;
  emit jobInProgressChanged();
  m_jobStatus = "Job in progress...";
  emit statusChanged();
}

GeoprocessingParameters AnalyzeHotspots::createParameters(const QString& fromDate, const QString& toDate)
{
  // Create the GeoprocessingParameters and set the execution type
  GeoprocessingParameters hotspotParameters = GeoprocessingParameters(GeoprocessingExecutionType::AsynchronousSubmit);

  // create the query string
  QString queryString("(\"DATE\" > date '%1 00:00:00' AND \"DATE\" < date '%2 00:00:00')");
  queryString = queryString.arg(fromDate, toDate);

  // Add query that contains the date range and the days of the week that are used in analysis
  QMap<QString, GeoprocessingParameter*> inputs;
  inputs["Query"] = new GeoprocessingString(queryString, this);
  hotspotParameters.setInputs(inputs);

  // return the GeoprocessingParameters
  return hotspotParameters;
}

void AnalyzeHotspots::processResults(GeoprocessingResult* result)
{
  // Clear the map's operational layers
  m_mapView->map()->operationalLayers()->clear();

  // Extract the layer from the result and add to the map
  m_layer = result->mapImageLayer();
  connect(m_layer, &ArcGISMapImageLayer::doneLoading, this, [this](Error error)
  {
    if (error.isEmpty())
        m_mapView->setViewpointGeometry(m_layer->fullExtent());
  });
  m_mapView->map()->operationalLayers()->append(m_layer);
}

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