Measure a distance in 3D

Learn how to evaluate the horizontal, vertical, and direct distances between two points in a 3D Scene.

measure a distance in 3d

A distance measurement analysis is a type of measurement analysis that calculates and displays the distance between start point and end point locations. The analysis evaluates the vertical, horizontal, and direct distances between the two 3D points and renders a measurement visualization on-screen.

In this tutorial you will perform and display a distance measurement analysis in a web scene. Using the distance measurement analysis you will measure distances between hotspots in the Yosemite Valley.

Prerequisites

The following are required for this tutorial:

  1. An ArcGIS account to access your API keys. If you don't have an account, sign up for free.
  2. Your system meets the system requirements.

Steps

Open the Xcode project

  1. To start this tutorial, first complete the Display a web scene tutorial or download and unzip the solution.

  2. Open the .xcodeproj file in Xcode.

  3. If you downloaded the solution project, set your API key.

Get the web scene item ID

You can use ArcGIS tools to create and view web scenes. Use the Scene Viewer to identify the web scene item ID. This item ID will be used later in the tutorial.

  1. Go to the Yosemite Valley Hotspots web scene in the Scene Viewer in ArcGIS Online. This web scene displays terrain and hotspots in the Yosemite Valley.
  2. Make a note of the item ID at the end of the browser's URL. The item ID should be 7558ee942b2547019f66885c44d4f0b1

Update the scene

  1. In Xcode, in the Project Navigator, click ViewController.swift.

  2. In the editor, modify the setupScene() method to create an AGSScene for the web scene. To do this, create a portal item providing the web scene's item ID and an AGSPortal referencing ArcGIS Online.

    ViewController.swift
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        private func setupScene() {
            let scene: AGSScene = {
                let portal = AGSPortal.arcGISOnline(withLoginRequired: false)
    
                let item = AGSPortalItem(portal: portal, itemID: "7558ee942b2547019f66885c44d4f0b1")
    
                return AGSScene(item: item)
            }()
            sceneView.scene = scene
    
        }
    
    Expand

Add a UI to control the distance measurement analysis

To control the distance measurement analysis, some UI is required.

  1. Define a private method named setupUI(). Create a "Clear" button and assign it to the navigation bar. The clear button removes the distance measurement analysis from the scene. You set an action on the clear button using a selector for a method that will be added in a later step.

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        private func setupUI() {
            navigationItem.title = "Long press and drag."
            let clear = UIBarButtonItem(title: "Clear", style: .plain, target: self, action: #selector(clearScene))
            navigationItem.rightBarButtonItem = clear
        }
    
    
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  2. Define a method named clearScene(_:) and assign it the @objc keyword. This method is performed when the user taps the clear button. The @objc method keyword exposes the method to Objective-C, a necessary step for using the UIBarButtonItem API.

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        private func setupUI() {
            navigationItem.title = "Long press and drag."
            let clear = UIBarButtonItem(title: "Clear", style: .plain, target: self, action: #selector(clearScene))
            navigationItem.rightBarButtonItem = clear
        }
    
        @objc
        func clearScene(_ sender: UIBarButtonItem) {
    
        }
    
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  3. In viewDidLoad(), call the method setupUI().

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        override func viewDidLoad() {
            super.viewDidLoad()
            setupScene()
    
            setupUI()
    
        }
    
    Expand
  4. In Xcode, in the Project Navigator, click Main.storyboard.

  5. In the editor, select ViewController. In the menu bar, click Editor > Embed In > Navigation Controller.

  6. Check that your UI is set up properly. Press <Command+R> to run the app. You should see a "Clear" button contained by the navigation bar, the default title should be displayed, and the app should load the Yosemite Valley Hotspots web scene.

Format measurements for readability

  1. In Xcode, in the Project Navigator, click ViewController.swift.

  2. In the editor, create a private static MeasurementFormatter named measurementFormatter. The measurement formatter is used to convert measurement values into strings that are in a format localized to the user's device.

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        private static let measurementFormatter: MeasurementFormatter = {
            let measurementFormatter = MeasurementFormatter()
            measurementFormatter.numberFormatter.minimumFractionDigits = 2
            measurementFormatter.numberFormatter.maximumFractionDigits = 2
            return measurementFormatter
        }()
    
    
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  3. Define a private method named setTitleForDistanceMeasurements(direct:horizontal:vertical:). This method is used to format a string to communicate the direct, horizontal, and vertical measurements to the user, placing the results in the navigation bar's title.

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        private static let measurementFormatter: MeasurementFormatter = {
            let measurementFormatter = MeasurementFormatter()
            measurementFormatter.numberFormatter.minimumFractionDigits = 2
            measurementFormatter.numberFormatter.maximumFractionDigits = 2
            return measurementFormatter
        }()
    
        private func setTitleForDistanceMeasurements(direct: AGSDistance, horizontal: AGSDistance, vertical: AGSDistance) {
            DispatchQueue.main.async { [weak self] in
                guard let self = self else { return }
                if self.measurement.isVisible {
                    self.navigationItem.title = String(
                        format: "Direct: %@ | Horizontal: %@ | Vertical: %@",
                        Self.measurementFormatter.string(from: Measurement(value: direct.value, unit: Unit(symbol: direct.unit.abbreviation))),
                        Self.measurementFormatter.string(from: Measurement(value: horizontal.value, unit: Unit(symbol: horizontal.unit.abbreviation))),
                        Self.measurementFormatter.string(from: Measurement(value: vertical.value, unit: Unit(symbol: vertical.unit.abbreviation)))
                    )
                } else {
                    self.navigationItem.title = "Long press and drag."
                }
            }
        }
    
    Expand

Create a distance measurement analysis

Use a AGSLocationDistanceMeasurement to perform and display a distance measurement analysis using 3D points to define the start and end locations.

  1. Create a private lazy AGSLocationDistanceMeasurement named measurement. Upon launch, the distance measurement visualization should not be visible.

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        private lazy var measurement: AGSLocationDistanceMeasurement = {
            let point = AGSPointMake3D(0, 0, 0, 0, .wgs84())
            let measurement = AGSLocationDistanceMeasurement(startLocation: point, endLocation: point)
            measurement.measurementChangedHandler = setTitleForDistanceMeasurements
            measurement.isVisible = false
            measurement.unitSystem = .metric // .imperial
            return measurement
        }()
    
    
    Expand
  2. Define a private method named setupAnalysisOverlay() to add the distance measurement analysis to the scene.

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        private lazy var measurement: AGSLocationDistanceMeasurement = {
            let point = AGSPointMake3D(0, 0, 0, 0, .wgs84())
            let measurement = AGSLocationDistanceMeasurement(startLocation: point, endLocation: point)
            measurement.measurementChangedHandler = setTitleForDistanceMeasurements
            measurement.isVisible = false
            measurement.unitSystem = .metric // .imperial
            return measurement
        }()
    
        private func setupAnalysisOverlay() {
            let analysisOverlay = AGSAnalysisOverlay()
            analysisOverlay.analyses.add(measurement)
            sceneView.analysisOverlays.add(analysisOverlay)
        }
    
    Expand
  3. Define a private method named startDistanceMeasurement(point:) that receives a point as a parameter. This method is used to set the distance measurement analysis startLocation.

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        private func setupAnalysisOverlay() {
            let analysisOverlay = AGSAnalysisOverlay()
            analysisOverlay.analyses.add(measurement)
            sceneView.analysisOverlays.add(analysisOverlay)
        }
    
        private func startDistanceMeasurement(point: AGSPoint) {
            measurement.isVisible = false
            measurement.startLocation = point
            measurement.endLocation = point
        }
    
    Expand
  4. Define a private method named moveDistanceMeasurement(point:) that receives a point as a parameter. This method is used to set the distance measurement analysis endLocation and make it visible, if it's not visible already.

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        private func startDistanceMeasurement(point: AGSPoint) {
            measurement.isVisible = false
            measurement.startLocation = point
            measurement.endLocation = point
        }
    
        private func moveDistanceMeasurement(point: AGSPoint) {
            measurement.endLocation = point
            if !measurement.isVisible {
                measurement.isVisible = true
            }
        }
    
    Expand
  5. Define a private method named clearMeasurement(). This method is used to hide the distance measurement analysis.

    ViewController.swift
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        private func moveDistanceMeasurement(point: AGSPoint) {
            measurement.endLocation = point
            if !measurement.isVisible {
                measurement.isVisible = true
            }
        }
    
        private func clearMeasurement() {
            measurement.isVisible = false
            navigationItem.title = "Long press and drag."
        }
    
    Expand
  6. Call clearMeasurement() when the user taps the "Clear" button.

    ViewController.swift
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        @objc
        func clearScene(_ sender: UIBarButtonItem) {
    
            clearMeasurement()
    
        }
    
    Expand
  7. In viewDidLoad(), call the method setupAnalysisOverlay().

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        override func viewDidLoad() {
            super.viewDidLoad()
            setupScene()
    
            setupUI()
    
            setupAnalysisOverlay()
    
        }
    
    Expand

Display the distance measurement analysis with touch events

Touch events determine where to perform and display the distance measurement analysis. A user can long-press and drag to reveal and move the distance measurement analysis' location around the screen.

  1. Extend ViewController to conform to the AGSGeoViewTouchDelegate protocol and include the four long-press geoview touch delegate methods.

    ViewController.swift
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    extension ViewController: AGSGeoViewTouchDelegate {
    
        func geoView(_ geoView: AGSGeoView, didLongPressAtScreenPoint screenPoint: CGPoint, mapPoint: AGSPoint) {
    
        }
    
        func geoView(_ geoView: AGSGeoView, didMoveLongPressToScreenPoint screenPoint: CGPoint, mapPoint: AGSPoint) {
    
        }
    
        func geoView(_ geoView: AGSGeoView, didEndLongPressAtScreenPoint screenPoint: CGPoint, mapPoint: AGSPoint) {
    
        }
    
        func geoViewDidCancelLongPress(_ geoView: AGSGeoView) {
    
        }
    
    }
  2. When the user begins a long-press touch event, call startDistanceMeasurement(point:).

    ViewController.swift
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    extension ViewController: AGSGeoViewTouchDelegate {
    
        func geoView(_ geoView: AGSGeoView, didLongPressAtScreenPoint screenPoint: CGPoint, mapPoint: AGSPoint) {
    
            startDistanceMeasurement(point: mapPoint)
    
        }
    
        func geoView(_ geoView: AGSGeoView, didMoveLongPressToScreenPoint screenPoint: CGPoint, mapPoint: AGSPoint) {
    
        }
    
        func geoView(_ geoView: AGSGeoView, didEndLongPressAtScreenPoint screenPoint: CGPoint, mapPoint: AGSPoint) {
    
        }
    
        func geoViewDidCancelLongPress(_ geoView: AGSGeoView) {
    
        }
    
    }
  3. When the user moves and ends a long-press touch event, call moveDistanceMeasurement(point:).

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    extension ViewController: AGSGeoViewTouchDelegate {
    
        func geoView(_ geoView: AGSGeoView, didLongPressAtScreenPoint screenPoint: CGPoint, mapPoint: AGSPoint) {
    
            startDistanceMeasurement(point: mapPoint)
    
        }
    
        func geoView(_ geoView: AGSGeoView, didMoveLongPressToScreenPoint screenPoint: CGPoint, mapPoint: AGSPoint) {
    
            moveDistanceMeasurement(point: mapPoint)
    
        }
    
        func geoView(_ geoView: AGSGeoView, didEndLongPressAtScreenPoint screenPoint: CGPoint, mapPoint: AGSPoint) {
    
            moveDistanceMeasurement(point: mapPoint)
    
        }
    
        func geoViewDidCancelLongPress(_ geoView: AGSGeoView) {
    
        }
    
    }
  4. When the user cancels the long-press touch event, call clearMeasurement().

    ViewController.swift
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    extension ViewController: AGSGeoViewTouchDelegate {
    
        func geoView(_ geoView: AGSGeoView, didLongPressAtScreenPoint screenPoint: CGPoint, mapPoint: AGSPoint) {
    
            startDistanceMeasurement(point: mapPoint)
    
        }
    
        func geoView(_ geoView: AGSGeoView, didMoveLongPressToScreenPoint screenPoint: CGPoint, mapPoint: AGSPoint) {
    
            moveDistanceMeasurement(point: mapPoint)
    
        }
    
        func geoView(_ geoView: AGSGeoView, didEndLongPressAtScreenPoint screenPoint: CGPoint, mapPoint: AGSPoint) {
    
            moveDistanceMeasurement(point: mapPoint)
    
        }
    
        func geoViewDidCancelLongPress(_ geoView: AGSGeoView) {
    
            clearMeasurement()
    
        }
    
    }
  5. In the setupScene() method, assign ViewController to sceneView.touchDelegate.

ViewController.swift
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    private func setupScene() {
        let scene: AGSScene = {
            let portal = AGSPortal.arcGISOnline(withLoginRequired: false)

            let item = AGSPortalItem(portal: portal, itemID: "7558ee942b2547019f66885c44d4f0b1")

            return AGSScene(item: item)
        }()
        sceneView.scene = scene

        sceneView.touchDelegate = self

    }
Expand

Run the app

Press Command + R to run the app.

You should see a scene of hotspots in the Yosemite Valley. Long-press and drag to display and move a distance measurement analysis to evaluate the horizontal, vertical, and direct distances between two park locations.

What's next?

Learn how to use additional API features, ArcGIS location services, and ArcGIS tools in these tutorials:

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