Style a feature layer

Learn how to use data-driven styling to apply symbol colors and styles to feature layers.

A feature layer is a dataset in a feature service hosted in ArcGIS. Each feature layer contains features with a single geometry type (point, line, or polygon), and a set of attributes. Layers in OpenLayers can contain style functions, which use attribute values to change the appearance of features. This allows you to create complex, data-driven visualizations by relating visual variables to data attributes.

In this tutorial, you apply different styles to enhance the visualization of the Trailheads, Trails and Parks and Open Spaces feature layers.

Prerequisites

Steps

Create a new pen

1. To get started, you can complete the Display a map tutorial or use the Display a map tutorial solution (CodePen).

Get an access token

You need an access token with the correct privileges to access the resources used in this tutorial.

1. Go to the Create an API key tutorial and create an API key with the following privilege(s):
   

   • Privileges
     • Location services > Basemaps
   • Item access
     • Note: If you are using your own custom data layer for this tutorial, you need to grant the API key credentials access to the layer item. Learn more in Item access privileges.

2. Copy the API key access token to your clipboard when prompted.

3. In CodePen, update the accessToken variable to use your access token.

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   const accessToken = "YOUR_ACCESS_TOKEN";
   const basemapId = "arcgis/outdoor";
   const basemapURL = `https://basemapstyles-api.arcgis.com/arcgis/rest/services/styles/v2/styles/${basemapId}?token=${accessToken}`;
   olms.apply(map, basemapURL);
   

4. Run the code to ensure the basemap is displayed in the map.

To learn about the other types of authentication available, go to Types of authentication.

Style trailheads with a hiker image and labels

A Style in OpenLayers has several possible components: an image, text, stroke, fill and so on. To display a hiker icon for the trailheads layer, you use an Icon style as the image component. Specify which image file as the src, and the size as the scale parameter.

To display the trailhead name, you use a Text style. Use a left value for textAlign with an offsetX of 10 to display the labels to the right of the icons. Use Fill and Stroke styles as the fill and stroke properties to give the labels white text with a teal outline. The font property is a CSS font definition. Since the label for each trailhead is different, use a function to return a Style for a given feature. Set the text property using feature's TRL_NAME attribute.

1. Inside olms load handler, create a trailheadStyle function that takes a feature and returns a Style containing an Icon style. Use http://static.arcgis.com/images/Symbols/NPS/npsPictograph_0231b.png for the src and set a scale of 25%.ssss

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         const basemapId = "arcgis/outdoor";
         const basemapURL = `https://basemapstyles-api.arcgis.com/arcgis/rest/services/styles/v2/styles/${basemapId}?token=${accessToken}`;
   
         olms.apply(map, basemapURL).then(function (map) {
   
           const trailheadStyle = function (feature) {
             return new ol.style.Style({
               image: new ol.style.Icon({
                 src: "http://static.arcgis.com/images/Symbols/NPS/npsPictograph_0231b.png",
                 scale: 0.25
               }),
   
   

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2. Add a Text style to display labels with white text, teal outline, in an italic sans-serif font. Set the text property using the feature's TRL_NAME attribute.

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           const trailheadStyle = function (feature) {
             return new ol.style.Style({
               image: new ol.style.Icon({
                 src: "http://static.arcgis.com/images/Symbols/NPS/npsPictograph_0231b.png",
                 scale: 0.25
               }),
   
               text: new ol.style.Text({
                 text: feature.get("TRL_NAME"),
                 font: "italic 12px sans-serif",
                 offsetX: 10,
                 textAlign: "left",
                 fill: new ol.style.Fill({
                   color: "#FFFFFF"
                 }),
   
                 stroke: new ol.style.Stroke({
                   color: "#5E8D74",
                   width: 3
                 })
               })
   
             });
           };
   

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Add the Trailheads feature layer to the map

Use a Vector layer with a Vector source to display the trailheads.

1. Add a Vector layer with a Vector source to load and display the trailheads feature layer. Set declutter to be true to prevent label overlap. Pass the trailheadsStyle function as the style property. Use map.addLayer to add this layer to the map.

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                 stroke: new ol.style.Stroke({
                   color: "#5E8D74",
                   width: 3
                 })
               })
   
             });
           };
   
           const trailheadsLayerName = "Trailheads";
           const trailheadsLayerURL =
             "https://services3.arcgis.com/GVgbJbqm8hXASVYi/arcgis/rest/services/" +
             trailheadsLayerName +
             "/FeatureServer/0/query?where=1%3D1&outFields=*&returnGeometry=true&f=pgeojson";
   
           const trailheadsLayer = new ol.layer.Vector({
             source: new ol.source.Vector({
               format: new ol.format.GeoJSON(),
               url: trailheadsLayerURL,
   
             }),
   
             style: trailheadStyle,
             declutter: true
           });
   
           map.addLayer(trailheadsLayer);
   

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2. Add the data attribution for the feature layer source.

   • Go to the Trailheads (Santa Monica Mountains) item.
   • Scroll down to the Credits (Attribution) section and copy its value.
   • Create an attribution property and paste the attribution value from the item.
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                   stroke: new ol.style.Stroke({
                     color: "#5E8D74",
                     width: 3
                   })
                 })
     
               });
             };
     
             const trailheadsLayerName = "Trailheads";
             const trailheadsLayerURL =
               "https://services3.arcgis.com/GVgbJbqm8hXASVYi/arcgis/rest/services/" +
               trailheadsLayerName +
               "/FeatureServer/0/query?where=1%3D1&outFields=*&returnGeometry=true&f=pgeojson";
     
             const trailheadsLayer = new ol.layer.Vector({
               source: new ol.source.Vector({
                 format: new ol.format.GeoJSON(),
                 url: trailheadsLayerURL,
     
                 // Attribution text retrieved from https://arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=883cedb8c9fe4524b64d47666ed234a7
                 attributions: ['| Los Angeles GeoHub']
     
               }),
     
               style: trailheadStyle,
               declutter: true
             });
     
             map.addLayer(trailheadsLayer);
     

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3. At the top right, click Run to test your map. You should see hiker icons and trailhead labels.

Style trail width by elevation gain

To visualize the elevation gain of a trail you can use the width of a Stroke style. To do this, create another function which returns a Style. The width of the style's stroke property will be a calculation converting feet of elevation gain to pixels of width.

1. Create a trailStyle function that takes a feature and returns a Style with a Stroke style. Set the color to pink, and calculate the width property from the feature's ELEV_GAIN attribute.

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             style: trailheadStyle,
             declutter: true
           });
   
           map.addLayer(trailheadsLayer);
   
           const trailStyle = function (feature) {
             return new ol.style.Style({
               stroke: new ol.style.Stroke({
                 color: "#BA55D3",
                 width: 3 + (4 * feature.get("ELEV_GAIN")) / 2300
               })
             });
           };
   

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2. Add the Trails feature layer as a Vector layer with a GeoJSON Vector source. Pass your trailStyle function as the style property. Use insertAt to add this layer below the trailheads layer.

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           const trailStyle = function (feature) {
             return new ol.style.Style({
               stroke: new ol.style.Stroke({
                 color: "#BA55D3",
                 width: 3 + (4 * feature.get("ELEV_GAIN")) / 2300
               })
             });
           };
   
           const trailsLayerName = "Trails";
           const trailsLayerURL =
             "https://services3.arcgis.com/GVgbJbqm8hXASVYi/arcgis/rest/services/" +
             trailsLayerName +
             "/FeatureServer/0/query?where=1%3D1&outFields=*&returnGeometry=true&f=pgeojson";
           const trailsLayer = new ol.layer.Vector({
             source: new ol.source.Vector({
               format: new ol.format.GeoJSON(),
               url: trailsLayerURL,
   
             }),
   
             style: trailStyle
           });
           map.getLayers().insertAt(1, trailsLayer);
   

   Expand

3. Add the data attribution for the feature layer source.

   • Go to the Trails item.
   • Scroll down to the Credits (Attribution) section and copy its value.
   • Create an attribution property and paste the attribution value from the item.
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             const trailStyle = function (feature) {
               return new ol.style.Style({
                 stroke: new ol.style.Stroke({
                   color: "#BA55D3",
                   width: 3 + (4 * feature.get("ELEV_GAIN")) / 2300
                 })
               });
             };
     
             const trailsLayerName = "Trails";
             const trailsLayerURL =
               "https://services3.arcgis.com/GVgbJbqm8hXASVYi/arcgis/rest/services/" +
               trailsLayerName +
               "/FeatureServer/0/query?where=1%3D1&outFields=*&returnGeometry=true&f=pgeojson";
             const trailsLayer = new ol.layer.Vector({
               source: new ol.source.Vector({
                 format: new ol.format.GeoJSON(),
                 url: trailsLayerURL,
     
                 // Attribution text retrieved from https://arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=69e12682738e467eb509d8b54dc73cbd
                 attributions: ['| Los Angeles GeoHub']
     
               }),
     
               style: trailStyle
             });
             map.getLayers().insertAt(1, trailsLayer);
     

     Expand

4. At the top right, click Run to test your map. You should see the hiking trails in pink with thicker lines for those with more elevation gain.

Add a filtered bike-only trails layer

To display bike-only trails, you can add another style function to display a dashed line for trails that allow biking. You can display a dashed line by passing an array of alternating stroke and gap segments length as the lineDash property in a Stroke style.

The same source from the trailsLayer can be used.

1. Create a bikeTrailsStyle function. If the feature has a Yes value for USE_BIKE, return a white dashed Stroke style. Otherwise, do not return a Style, so the feature will not be displayed.

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             style: trailStyle
           });
           map.getLayers().insertAt(1, trailsLayer);
   
           const bikeTrailsStyle = function (feature) {
             if (feature.get("USE_BIKE") === "Yes") {
               return new ol.style.Style({
   
                 stroke: new ol.style.Stroke({
                   lineDash: [1, 4],
                   color: "white",
                   width: 2
                 })
               });
             }
           };
   

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2. Add a bikeTrailsLayer using the source from trailsLayer, with the bikeTrailsStyle function. Insert the layer above the trailsLayer.

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                 stroke: new ol.style.Stroke({
                   lineDash: [1, 4],
                   color: "white",
                   width: 2
                 })
               });
             }
           };
   
           const bikeTrailsLayer = new ol.layer.Vector({
             source: trailsLayer.getSource(),
             style: bikeTrailsStyle
           });
           map.getLayers().insertAt(2, bikeTrailsLayer);
   

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3. At the top right, click Run to test your map. You should now see the bike-accessible trails with a dashed line.

Style a polygon layer

You can use color to communicate the category of a feature, such as the type of a park or open space. Use a style function to returns a Fill style, in which you derive the color property from the feature's TYPE property.

1. Create a parksStyle function which returns a Fill style. Look up the feature's TYPE attribute in a table to give a different color for Natural Areas, Regionla Open Space, Local Park and Regional Recreation Park. If the type is not one of these, make the color transparent.

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           const bikeTrailsLayer = new ol.layer.Vector({
             source: trailsLayer.getSource(),
             style: bikeTrailsStyle
           });
           map.getLayers().insertAt(2, bikeTrailsLayer);
   
           const parksStyle = function (feature) {
             const type = feature.get("TYPE");
             const colorTable = {
               "Natural Areas": "#9E559C",
               "Regional Open Space": "#A7C636",
               "Local Park": "#149ECE",
               "Regional Recreation Park": "#ED5151"
             };
   
             return new ol.style.Style({
               fill: new ol.style.Fill({
                 color: colorTable[feature.get("TYPE")] || "transparent"
               })
             });
           };
   

   Expand

2. Add the data attribution for the feature layer source.

   • Go to the Parks and Open Space item.
   • Scroll down to the Credits (Attribution) section and copy its value.
   • Create an attribution property and paste the attribution value from the item.
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             const bikeTrailsLayer = new ol.layer.Vector({
               source: trailsLayer.getSource(),
               style: bikeTrailsStyle
             });
             map.getLayers().insertAt(2, bikeTrailsLayer);
     
             const parksStyle = function (feature) {
               const type = feature.get("TYPE");
               const colorTable = {
                 "Natural Areas": "#9E559C",
                 "Regional Open Space": "#A7C636",
                 "Local Park": "#149ECE",
                 "Regional Recreation Park": "#ED5151"
               };
     
               return new ol.style.Style({
                 fill: new ol.style.Fill({
                   color: colorTable[feature.get("TYPE")] || "transparent"
                 })
               });
             };
     

     Expand

3. Create a Vector layer with a Vector source for the parks feature layer. Pass your parksStyle function as the style property, with a low opacity. Insert the parks layer below the trails layers.

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             return new ol.style.Style({
               fill: new ol.style.Fill({
                 color: colorTable[feature.get("TYPE")] || "transparent"
               })
             });
           };
   
           const parksLayerName = "Parks_and_Open_Space";
           const parksLayerURL =
             "https://services3.arcgis.com/GVgbJbqm8hXASVYi/arcgis/rest/services/" +
             parksLayerName +
             "/FeatureServer/0/query?where=1%3D1&outFields=*&returnGeometry=true&f=pgeojson";
           const parksLayer = new ol.layer.Vector({
             source: new ol.source.Vector({
               format: new ol.format.GeoJSON(),
               url: parksLayerURL,
   
             }),
             opacity: 0.2,
             style: parksStyle
           });
           map.getLayers().insertAt(1, parksLayer);
   

   Expand

Run the app

In CodePen, run your code to display the map.

You should now see parks of different colors, beneath the trails and trailhead layers.

What's next?

Learn how to use additional ArcGIS location services in these tutorials: