Tutorial: Find service areas

Learn how to calculate the area that can be reached in a given driving time from a location.

A service area, also known as an isochrone, is a polygon that represents the area that can be reached when driving or walking on a street network. The area that can be reached is restricted by either time or distance. To calculate service areas, you can use the routing service. You provide a start location (facilities), one or more time or distance values, and a spatial reference. Once processed, the service returns the service areas that can be reached.

In this tutorial, you create and display five, ten, and fifteen minute drive time service areas when the map is clicked. You use data-driven styling to give each polygon a different shade of blue.

Prerequisites

Steps

Get the starter app

Select a type of authentication below and follow the steps to create a new application.

Set up authentication

Create developer credentials in your portal for the type of authentication you selected.

Set developer credentials

Use the API key or OAuth developer credentials created in the previous step in your application.

Get a Cesium ion access token

All Cesium applications must use an access token provided through Cesium ion. This token allows you to access assets such as Cesium World Terrain in your application.

1. Go to your Cesium ion dashboard to generate an access token. Copy the key to your clipboard.

2. Create a cesiumAccessToken variable and replace YOUR_CESIUM_ACCESS_TOKEN with the access token you copied from the Cesium ion dashboard.

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     <script>
   
       /* Use for API key authentication */
       const accessToken = "YOUR_ACCESS_TOKEN";
   
       // or
   
       /* Use for user authentication */
       // const session = await arcgisRest.ArcGISIdentityManager.beginOAuth2({
       //   clientId: "YOUR_CLIENT_ID", // Your client ID from OAuth credentials
       //   redirectUri: "YOUR_REDIRECT_URL", // The redirect URL registered in your OAuth credentials
       //   portal: "YOUR_PORTAL_URL" // Your portal URL
       // })
   
       // const accessToken = session.token;
   
       Cesium.ArcGisMapService.defaultAccessToken = accessToken;
   
       const cesiumAccessToken = "YOUR_CESIUM_ACCESS_TOKEN";
   
     </script>
   

3. Configure Cesium.Ion.defaultAccessToken with the Cesium access token to validate the application.

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     <script>
   
       /* Use for API key authentication */
       const accessToken = "YOUR_ACCESS_TOKEN";
   
       // or
   
       /* Use for user authentication */
       // const session = await arcgisRest.ArcGISIdentityManager.beginOAuth2({
       //   clientId: "YOUR_CLIENT_ID", // Your client ID from OAuth credentials
       //   redirectUri: "YOUR_REDIRECT_URL", // The redirect URL registered in your OAuth credentials
       //   portal: "YOUR_PORTAL_URL" // Your portal URL
       // })
   
       // const accessToken = session.token;
   
       Cesium.ArcGisMapService.defaultAccessToken = accessToken;
   
       const cesiumAccessToken = "YOUR_CESIUM_ACCESS_TOKEN";
   
       Cesium.Ion.defaultAccessToken = cesiumAccessToken;
   
     </script>
   

Add references to ArcGIS REST JS

1. In the <head> element, reference the routing and request packages from ArcGIS REST JS.

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       <script src="https://cesium.com/downloads/cesiumjs/releases/1.121/Build/Cesium/Cesium.js"></script>
       <link href="https://cesium.com/downloads/cesiumjs/releases/1.121/Build/Cesium/Widgets/widgets.css" rel="stylesheet">
   
       <script src="https://unpkg.com/@esri/arcgis-rest-request@4/dist/bundled/request.umd.js"></script>
       <script src="https://unpkg.com/@esri/arcgis-rest-routing@4/dist/bundled/routing.umd.js"></script>
   
   

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Update the scene

This routing application uses a 3D object layer San Francisco. Update the scene extent to focus on San Francisco, CA.

1. Update the setView command to center on location [-122.38329, 37.74015, 16000], San Francisco.

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       viewer.camera.setView({
   
         destination : Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(-122.38329, 37.74015, 16000),
         orientation : {
           pitch : Cesium.Math.toRadians(-70.0),
         }
   
       });
   

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Create a starting location graphic

Create a Billboard entity to indicate the location from which a service area will be calculated. You can use Billboard entities to display custom pins and images.

1. Add a new Billboard entity to the viewer to represent the origin location. Set the position of the entity to null.

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       viewer.camera.setView({
   
         destination : Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(-122.38329, 37.74015, 16000),
         orientation : {
           pitch : Cesium.Math.toRadians(-70.0),
         }
   
       });
   
       // Add Esri attribution
       // Learn more in https://esriurl.com/attribution
       const poweredByEsri = new Cesium.Credit("Powered by <a href='https://www.esri.com/en-us/home' target='_blank'>Esri</a>", true)
       viewer.creditDisplay.addStaticCredit(poweredByEsri);
   
       const origin = viewer.entities.add({
           name:'start',
           position:null,
           billboard: {
               verticalOrigin: Cesium.VerticalOrigin.BOTTOM,
               heightReference: Cesium.HeightReference.CLAMP_TO_GROUND,
   
           }
       })
   

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2. Create a PinBuilder and use it to set the image property of the billboard.

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       const pinBuilder = new Cesium.PinBuilder();
   
       const origin = viewer.entities.add({
           name:'start',
           position:null,
           billboard: {
               verticalOrigin: Cesium.VerticalOrigin.BOTTOM,
               heightReference: Cesium.HeightReference.CLAMP_TO_GROUND,
   
               image: pinBuilder.fromColor(Cesium.Color.fromCssColorString('#ffffff'),48).toDataURL(),
   
           }
       })
   

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Add a click handler

Use an event handler to set the location of the origin and when a user clicks.

1. Create a ScreenSpaceEventHandler for the Viewer that listens for left clicks. Create an onLeftClick function that runs when a click is detected.

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               image: pinBuilder.fromColor(Cesium.Color.fromCssColorString('#ffffff'),48).toDataURL(),
   
           }
       })
   
       viewer.screenSpaceEventHandler.setInputAction(movement => {
   
       },Cesium.ScreenSpaceEventType.LEFT_CLICK);
   

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2. Set the position of the origin entity to the coordinates of the clicked location. Call viewer.dataSources.removeAll() to remove stale service area polygons.

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       viewer.screenSpaceEventHandler.setInputAction(movement => {
   
           const pickedPosition = viewer.scene.pickPosition(movement.position);
           origin.position = pickedPosition;
   
           viewer.dataSources.removeAll();
   
       },Cesium.ScreenSpaceEventType.LEFT_CLICK);
   

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Get service areas

To calculate a service area from a point, use the ArcGIS REST JS serviceArea function to make a request to the routing service.

1. Create a new arcgisRest.ApiKeyManager and set your access token.

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       /* Use for API key authentication */
       const accessToken = "YOUR_ACCESS_TOKEN";
   
       // or
   
       /* Use for user authentication */
       // const session = await arcgisRest.ArcGISIdentityManager.beginOAuth2({
       //   clientId: "YOUR_CLIENT_ID", // Your client ID from OAuth credentials
       //   redirectUri: "YOUR_REDIRECT_URL", // The redirect URL registered in your OAuth credentials
       //   portal: "YOUR_PORTAL_URL" // Your portal URL
       // })
   
       // const accessToken = session.token;
   
       Cesium.ArcGisMapService.defaultAccessToken = accessToken;
   
       const authentication = arcgisRest.ApiKeyManager.fromKey(accessToken);
   

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2. Create a function called getServiceArea that accepts a coordinate pair. Inside, call arcgisRest.serviceArea and set the facilities parameter to the set of coordinates.

   More info

   arcgisRest.serviceArea creates a direct request to the solveServiceArea endpoint of the routing service. To learn more about the solveServiceArea endpoint, go to the Routing service page in the Mapping and location services guide.

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       viewer.screenSpaceEventHandler.setInputAction(movement => {
   
           const pickedPosition = viewer.scene.pickPosition(movement.position);
           origin.position = pickedPosition;
   
           viewer.dataSources.removeAll();
   
       },Cesium.ScreenSpaceEventType.LEFT_CLICK);
   
       function getServiceArea(coordinates) {
           arcgisRest
           .serviceArea({
               facilities: [coordinates],
               authentication
           })
   
       }
   

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3. Access the service response and add the returned GeoJSON to your application as a GeoJsonDataSource.

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       function getServiceArea(coordinates) {
           arcgisRest
           .serviceArea({
               facilities: [coordinates],
               authentication
           })
   
           .then((response) => {
   
               const serviceJSON = response.saPolygons.geoJson;
   
               Cesium.GeoJsonDataSource.load(serviceJSON,{
                       clampToGround:true
               })
               .then((dataSource)=>{
                   viewer.dataSources.add(dataSource);
   
               });
           })
   
       }
   

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4. Set the material of each service area polygon based on its drive time from the origin using the FromBreak property.

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           .then((response) => {
   
               const serviceJSON = response.saPolygons.geoJson;
   
               Cesium.GeoJsonDataSource.load(serviceJSON,{
                       clampToGround:true
               })
               .then((dataSource)=>{
                   viewer.dataSources.add(dataSource);
   
                   const entities = dataSource.entities.values;
   
                   for (let i=0; i<entities.length;i++) {
                       const feature = entities[i];
                       feature.polygon.outline = false;
                       if (feature.properties.FromBreak == 0) {
                           feature.polygon.material = Cesium.Color.fromHsl(0.5833,.8,.4,.7);
                           feature.polygon.extrudedHeight = 300;
                       }
                       else if (feature.properties.FromBreak == 5) {
                           feature.polygon.material = Cesium.Color.fromHsl(0.5833,.8,.6,.7);
                           feature.polygon.extrudedHeight = 200;
                       }
                       else {
                           feature.polygon.material = Cesium.Color.fromHsl(0.5833,.8,.8,.7);
                           feature.polygon.extrudedHeight = 100;
                       }
                   }
   
               });
           })
   

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5. In your onLeftClick function, convert the coordinates of the user's click from Cartesian to longitude and latitude degrees. Call getServiceArea with the longitude and latitude

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       viewer.screenSpaceEventHandler.setInputAction(movement => {
   
           const pickedPosition = viewer.scene.pickPosition(movement.position);
           origin.position = pickedPosition;
   
           viewer.dataSources.removeAll();
   
           const cartographic = Cesium.Cartographic.fromCartesian(pickedPosition);
           const originLatLng = [Cesium.Math.toDegrees(cartographic.longitude),Cesium.Math.toDegrees(cartographic.latitude)]
   
           getServiceArea(originLatLng);
   
       },Cesium.ScreenSpaceEventType.LEFT_CLICK);
   

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Run the app

Run the app.

When the application loads, you should be able to click on a locations to create an origin point. The routing service should then calculate drive time polygons representing the areas reachable within a 5, 10, and 15 minute drive.

What's next?

Learn how to use additional ArcGIS location services in these tutorials: