Add a point, line, and polygon

Learn how to display point, line, and polygon graphics in a map.

You typically use graphics to display geographic data that is not connected to a database and that is not persisted, like highlighting a route between two locations, displaying a search buffer around a point, or tracking the location of a vehicle in real-time. Graphics are composed of a geometry, symbol, and attributes.

In this tutorial, you display points, lines, and polygons on a map as graphics.

Prerequisites

Choose your API

You can do this tutorial in C++ or QML. Make your selection below:

• Steps for C++
• Steps for QML

Steps for C++

Open the project in Qt Creator

1. To start this tutorial, complete the Display a map tutorial or download and unzip the solution.

2. Open the display_a_map project in Qt Creator.

3. If you downloaded the Display a map solution, set your API key.

   More info

   An API Key enables access to services, web maps, and web scenes hosted in ArcGIS Online.

   1. Go to your developer dashboard to get your API key. For these tutorials, use your default API key. It is scoped to include all of the services demonstrated in the tutorials.

   2. In the Projects window, in the Sources folder, open the main.cpp file.

   3. Modify the code to set the API key. Paste the API key, acquired from your dashboard, between the quotes. Then save and close the file.

      main.cpp

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          // 2. API key: A permanent key that gives your application access to Esri
          // location services. Create a new API key or access existing API keys from
          // your ArcGIS for Developers dashboard (https://links.esri.com/arcgis-api-keys).
      
          const QString apiKey = QString("");
      

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Add GraphicsOverlay class, declare member function

GraphicsOverlay is a container for temporary graphics to display on your map view. The graphics drawn in graphics overlays are created at runtime and are not persisted when your application closes. Learn more about GraphicsOverlay.

1. In the display_a_map project, double click Headers > Display_a_map.h to open the file. Add the GraphicsOverlay class to the namespace ArcGISRuntime declaration.

   Display_a_map.h

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   class Map;
   class MapQuickView;
   
   class GraphicsOverlay;
   }
   

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2. Add the createGraphics private member function declaration. Then save and close the header file.

   Display_a_map.h

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   private:
       Esri::ArcGISRuntime::MapQuickView* mapView() const;
       void setMapView(Esri::ArcGISRuntime::MapQuickView* mapView);
       void setupViewpoint();
   
       void createGraphics(Esri::ArcGISRuntime::GraphicsOverlay* overlay);
   

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Create a graphics overlay

A graphics overlay is a container for graphics. It is added to a map view to display graphics on a map. You can add more than one graphics overlay to a map view. Graphics overlays are displayed on top of all the other layers.

1. Double click on Sources > Display_a_map.cpp to open the file. Include the classes shown.

   Display_a_map.cpp

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   #include "Display_a_map.h"
   #include "Map.h"
   #include "MapQuickView.h"
   #include "MapTypes.h"
   #include "Point.h"
   #include "SpatialReference.h"
   #include "TaskWatcher.h"
   #include "Viewpoint.h"
   
   #include "Graphic.h"
   #include "GraphicListModel.h"
   #include "GraphicsOverlay.h"
   #include "GraphicsOverlayListModel.h"
   #include "PolylineBuilder.h"
   #include "PolygonBuilder.h"
   #include "SimpleFillSymbol.h"
   #include "SimpleLineSymbol.h"
   #include "SimpleMarkerSymbol.h"
   #include "SymbolTypes.h"
   

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2. In the Display_a_map::setMapView member function, add three lines of code to create a GraphicsOverlay, call the createGraphics method (implemented in following steps), and append the overlay to the map view.

   Display_a_map.cpp

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   // Set the view (created in QML)
   void Display_a_map::setMapView(MapQuickView* mapView)
   {
       if (!mapView || mapView == m_mapView)
       {
           return;
       }
   
       m_mapView = mapView;
       m_mapView->setMap(m_map);
       setupViewpoint();
   
       GraphicsOverlay* overlay = new GraphicsOverlay(this);
       createGraphics(overlay);
       m_mapView->graphicsOverlays()->append(overlay);
   

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3. Create a new method named Display_a_map::createGraphics, right after the Display_a_map::setupViewpoint method.

   Display_a_map.cpp

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   void Display_a_map::setupViewpoint()
   {
       const Point center(-118.80543, 34.02700, SpatialReference::wgs84());
       const Viewpoint viewpoint(center, 100000.0);
       m_mapView->setViewpoint(viewpoint);
   }
   
   void Display_a_map::createGraphics(GraphicsOverlay *overlay)
   {
   
   }
   

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Add a point graphic

A point graphic is created using a point and a marker symbol. A point is defined with x and y coordinates for longitude and latitude coordinates, and a spatial reference. The spatial reference is WGS84.

1. Create a Point and a SimpleMarkerSymbol. To create the Point, provide longitude (x) and latitude (y) coordinates, and a SpatialReference.

   More info

   Point graphics support a number of symbol types such as SimpleMarkerSymbol, PictureMarkerSymbol_qt and TextSymbol. See Symbol in the API documentation to learn more about symbols.

   Display_a_map.cpp

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   void Display_a_map::setupViewpoint()
   {
       const Point center(-118.80543, 34.02700, SpatialReference::wgs84());
       const Viewpoint viewpoint(center, 100000.0);
       m_mapView->setViewpoint(viewpoint);
   }
   
   void Display_a_map::createGraphics(GraphicsOverlay *overlay)
   {
   
       // Create a point
       const Point dume_beach(-118.80657463861, 34.0005930608889, SpatialReference::wgs84());
       // Create symbols for the point
       SimpleLineSymbol* point_outline = new SimpleLineSymbol(SimpleLineSymbolStyle::Solid, QColor("blue"), 3, this);
       SimpleMarkerSymbol* point_symbol = new SimpleMarkerSymbol(SimpleMarkerSymbolStyle::Circle, QColor("red"), 10, this);
       point_symbol->setOutline(point_outline);
   
       // Create a graphic to display the point with its symbology
       Graphic* point_graphic = new Graphic(dume_beach, point_symbol, this);
       // Add point graphic to the graphics overlay
       overlay->graphics()->append(point_graphic);
   

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2. Press <Ctrl+R> to run the app.

You should see a point graphic at Point Dume State Beach, California.

Add a polyline graphic

A line graphic is created using a polyline and a line symbol. A polyline is defined as a sequence of points.

1. Create a Polyline and a SimpleLineSymbol.

   To create the Polyline, create a new PointCollection with a SpatialReference and use PolylineBuilder to add a new Point objects to it. Add the highlighted code.

   Display_a_map.cpp

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       // Create a graphic to display the point with its symbology
       Graphic* point_graphic = new Graphic(dume_beach, point_symbol, this);
       // Add point graphic to the graphics overlay
       overlay->graphics()->append(point_graphic);
   
       // Create a line
       PolylineBuilder* polyline_builder = new PolylineBuilder(SpatialReference::wgs84(), this);
       polyline_builder->addPoint(-118.8215, 34.0140);
       polyline_builder->addPoint(-118.8149, 34.0081);
       polyline_builder->addPoint(-118.8089, 34.0017);
       // Create a symbol for the line
       SimpleLineSymbol* line_symbol = new SimpleLineSymbol(SimpleLineSymbolStyle::Solid, QColor(Qt::blue), 3, this);
   
       // Create a graphic to display the line with its symbology
       Graphic* polyline_graphic = new Graphic(polyline_builder->toGeometry(), line_symbol, this);
       // Add line graphic to the graphics overlay
       overlay->graphics()->append(polyline_graphic);
   

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2. Press <Ctrl+R> to run the app.

You should see a point and a line graphic along Westward Beach.

Add a polygon graphic

A polygon graphic is created using a polygon and a fill symbol. A polygon is defined as a sequence of points that describe a closed boundary.

1. Create a Polygon and a SimpleFillSymbol. To create the Polygon, create a new PointCollection with a SpatialReference and use PolygonBuilder to add new Point objects to it. Add the highlighted code.

   Display_a_map.cpp

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       // Create a graphic to display the line with its symbology
       Graphic* polyline_graphic = new Graphic(polyline_builder->toGeometry(), line_symbol, this);
       // Add line graphic to the graphics overlay
       overlay->graphics()->append(polyline_graphic);
   
       // Create a list of points to make up the polygon
       const QList<Point> points = {
           Point(-118.8190, 34.0138),
           Point(-118.8068, 34.0216),
           Point(-118.7914, 34.0164),
           Point(-118.7960, 34.0086),
           Point(-118.8086, 34.0035),
       };
       // Create a polygon using the list of points above
       PolygonBuilder* polygon_builder = new PolygonBuilder(SpatialReference::wgs84(), this);
       polygon_builder->addPoints(points);
       // Create symbols for the polygon
       SimpleLineSymbol* polygon_line_symbol = new SimpleLineSymbol(SimpleLineSymbolStyle::Solid, QColor(Qt::blue), 3, this);
       SimpleFillSymbol* fill_symbol = new SimpleFillSymbol(SimpleFillSymbolStyle::Solid, QColor(Qt::yellow), polygon_line_symbol, this);
       // Create a graphic to display the polygon with its symbology
       Graphic* polygon_graphic = new Graphic(polygon_builder->toGeometry(), fill_symbol, this);
       // Add polygon graphic to the graphics overlay
       overlay->graphics()->append(polygon_graphic);
   

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2. Press <Ctrl+R> to run the app.

You should see a point, line, and polygon graphic around Mahou Riviera in the Santa Monica Mountains.

To explore other tutorials, see What's next.

Steps for QML

Open the project in Qt Creator

1. To start this tutorial, complete the Display a map tutorial or download and unzip the solution.

2. Open the display_a_map project in Qt Creator.

3. If you downloaded the Display a map solution, set your API key.

   More info

   An API Key enables access to services, web maps, and web scenes hosted in ArcGIS Online.

   1. Go to your developer dashboard to get your API key. For these tutorials, use your default API key. It is scoped to include all of the services demonstrated in the tutorials.

   2. In the Projects window, in the Sources folder, open the main.cpp file.

   3. Modify the code to set the API key. Paste the API key, acquired from your dashboard, between the quotes. Then save and close the file.

      main.cpp

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          // 2. API key: A permanent key that gives your application access to Esri
          // location services. Create a new API key or access existing API keys from
          // your ArcGIS for Developers dashboard (https://links.esri.com/arcgis-api-keys).
      
          const QString apiKey = QString("");
      

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Add a GraphicsOverlay

GraphicsOverlay is a container for temporary graphics to display on your map view. The graphics drawn in graphics overlays are created at runtime and are not persisted when your application closes. Learn more about GraphicsOverlay.

1. If the main.qml file is not already open, in the Projects window, navigate to Resources > qml\qml.qrc > /qml and open main.qml.

2. Add the GraphicsOverlay type, giving it the id as shown.

   main.qml

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           Map {
               // add the ArcGISStreets basemap to the map
               initBasemapStyle: Enums.BasemapStyleArcGISTopographic
               initialViewpoint: viewPoint
           }
   
           GraphicsOverlay {
               id: graphicsOverlay
           }
   

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Add point graphic

A Point defines a specific location, defined by an x,y coordinate pair, and a SpatialReference. Points represent discrete locations or entities, such as a geocoded house address, the location of a water meter in a water utility network, a moving vehicle, and so on. A point can also be used in a Viewpoint to define the center of the display, as in this tutorial app.

1. Add the following Point to identify Point Dume Beach.

   More info

   Point graphics support a number of symbol types such as SimpleMarkerSymbol, PictureMarkerSymbol and TextSymbol. See Symbol in the API documentation to learn more about symbols.

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           ViewpointCenter {
               id: viewPoint
               center: Point {
                   x: -118.80543
                   y: 34.02700
                   spatialReference: SpatialReference {wkid: 4326}
               }
       // Specify the scale
           targetScale: 100000.0
           }
       }
   
       Point {
           id: dume_beach
           x: -118.80657463861
           y: 34.0005930608889
           spatialReference: SpatialReference {wkid: 4326}
       }
   

   Expand

2. Create a SimpleMarkerSymbol symbol to display the point. Add the following code to create a small, round, red symbol. Also set the outline property to line_symbol, created in the next step.

   More info

   Symbols define how graphics and features appear on a map. Different symbols are used with different geometry types. A SimpleMarkerSymbol displays a predefined marker such as circle, cross, and so on. A simple marker symbol can also have an optional outline, defined by a SimpleLineSymbol, as in this tutorial.

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       Point {
           id: dume_beach
           x: -118.80657463861
           y: 34.0005930608889
           spatialReference: SpatialReference {wkid: 4326}
       }
   
       SimpleMarkerSymbol {
           id: point_symbol
           style: Enums.SimpleMarkerSymbolStyleCircle
           color: "red"
           size: 10
           outline: line_symbol
       }
   

   Expand

   A SimpleLineSymbol is used to display a graphic or feature based on polyline geometries. Simple line symbols display predefined line style patterns, such as solid, dash, dot, and so on. Use a simple line symbol to add an outline to a marker symbol or polygon.

3. Create a SimpleLineSymbol to add an outline to the marker symbol.

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       SimpleMarkerSymbol {
           id: point_symbol
           style: Enums.SimpleMarkerSymbolStyleCircle
           color: "red"
           size: 10
           outline: line_symbol
       }
   
       SimpleLineSymbol {
           id: line_symbol
           style: Enums.SimpleLineSymbolStyleSolid
           color: "blue"
           width: 3
           antiAlias: true
       }
   

   Expand

4. Add the Component.onCompleted code shown below. This code executes only after all of the components added to the ApplicationWindow have completed instantiation. This Component.onCompleted code block could be added anywhere as long as it is a child of ApplicationWindow. This first part creates a point graphic (using a function we implement in the next step) and appends it to the graphics overlay.

   main.qml

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       SimpleLineSymbol {
           id: line_symbol
           style: Enums.SimpleLineSymbolStyleSolid
           color: "blue"
           width: 3
           antiAlias: true
       }
   
       Component.onCompleted: {
           // add a point
           const point_graphic = createGraphic(dume_beach, point_symbol);
           graphicsOverlay.graphics.append(point_graphic);
   
       }
   

   Expand

5. Add the following createGraphic function to create an ArcGISRuntimeEnvironment Qml Object of type Graphic. This function takes geometry and symbol as property arguments and is called inside of Component.onCompleted to create each of the three graphics in this app.

   main.qml

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       Component.onCompleted: {
           // add a point
           const point_graphic = createGraphic(dume_beach, point_symbol);
           graphicsOverlay.graphics.append(point_graphic);
   
       }
   
       function createGraphic(geometry, symbol) {
           const graphic = ArcGISRuntimeEnvironment.createObject("Graphic");
           graphic.geometry = geometry;
           graphic.symbol = symbol;
           return graphic;
       }
   

   Expand

6. Press <Ctrl+R> to run the app.

You should see a point graphic at Point Dume State Beach, California.

Add a polyline graphic

A connected sequence of points defines a polyline. Use a polyline and a line symbol to create a line graphic.

1. To create a polyline, add the following function to create a JSON object line1, with line segments and a spatial reference, and then call createObject on ArcGISRuntimeEnvironment to create the Qml object.

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       function createGraphic(geometry, symbol) {
           const graphic = ArcGISRuntimeEnvironment.createObject("Graphic");
           graphic.geometry = geometry;
           graphic.symbol = symbol;
           return graphic;
       }
   
       function createLine() {
           // create polyline using json
           const line1 = {"paths":[[[-118.8215, 34.0140],
                                    [-118.8149, 34.0081],
                                    [-118.8089, 34.0017]]],
                                    "spatialReference":{"wkid":4326}};
           return ArcGISRuntimeEnvironment.createObject("Polyline", {"json": line1});
       }
   

   Expand

2. Now modify Component.onCompleted to create the line graphic from the object and append it to the graphics overlay.

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       Component.onCompleted: {
           // add a point
           const point_graphic = createGraphic(dume_beach, point_symbol);
           graphicsOverlay.graphics.append(point_graphic);
   
           // add line
           const line = createLine();
           const line_graphic = createGraphic(line, line_symbol);
           graphicsOverlay.graphics.append(line_graphic);
   

   Expand

3. Press <Ctrl+R> to run the app.

You should see a point and a line centered around Mahou Riviera in the Santa Monica Mountains.

Add a polygon graphic

Create a polygon graphic using a polygon and a fill symbol. A connected sequence of points that describe a closed boundary defines a polygon.

1. A PolygonBuilder is a helper QML type used to create polygons. Use polygon_builder in a later step to connect a series of points and create the polygon. Add the following code to instantiate a PolygonBuilder.

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   Use dark colors for code blocks

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   Add line.Add line.Add line.Add line.

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       SimpleLineSymbol {
           id: line_symbol
           style: Enums.SimpleLineSymbolStyleSolid
           color: "blue"
           width: 3
           antiAlias: true
       }
   
       PolygonBuilder {
           id: polygon_builder
           spatialReference: SpatialReference {wkid: 4326}
       }
   

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2. The SimpleFillSymbol defines how to fill the interior of a polygon, and can have an optional outline defined by a SimpleLineSymbol. Add a simple fill symbol to fill the polygon with solid yellow, and use a simple line symbol to surround the polygon with a blue outline.

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   Use dark colors for code blocks

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   Add line.Add line.Add line.Add line.Add line.Add line.Add line.Add line.Add line.Add line.Add line.Add line.

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       PolygonBuilder {
           id: polygon_builder
           spatialReference: SpatialReference {wkid: 4326}
       }
   
       SimpleFillSymbol {
           id: polygon_fill_symbol
           style: Enums.SimpleFillSymbolStyleSolid
           color: "yellow"
   
           SimpleLineSymbol {
               style: Enums.SimpleLineSymbolStyleSolid
               color: "blue"
               width: 3
               antiAlias: true
           }
       }
   

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3. Add the following createPolygon function. It uses polygon_builder to create the polygon, consecutively adding and connecting five points to the polygon.

   main.qml

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   Use dark colors for code blocks

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   Add line.Add line.Add line.Add line.Add line.Add line.Add line.Add line.Add line.

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       function createLine() {
           // create polyline using json
           const line1 = {"paths":[[[-118.8215, 34.0140],
                                    [-118.8149, 34.0081],
                                    [-118.8089, 34.0017]]],
                                    "spatialReference":{"wkid":4326}};
           return ArcGISRuntimeEnvironment.createObject("Polyline", {"json": line1});
       }
   
       function createPolygon() {
           // create the polygon using the builder class
           polygon_builder.addPointXY(-118.8190, 34.0138);
           polygon_builder.addPointXY(-118.8068, 34.0216);
           polygon_builder.addPointXY(-118.7914, 34.0164);
           polygon_builder.addPointXY(-118.7960, 34.0086);
           polygon_builder.addPointXY(-118.8086, 34.0035);
           return polygon_builder.geometry;
       }
   

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4. Modify Component.onCompleted to create the polygon graphic from the JSON object, and then append the graphic to the graphics overlay.

   main.qml

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   Use dark colors for code blocks

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   Add line.Add line.Add line.Add line.

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