Search for an address

Learn how to find an address or place with a search bar and the geocoding service.

Geocoding is the process of converting address or place text into a location. The geocoding service can search for an address or a place and perform reverse geocoding.

In this tutorial, you use a search bar in the user interface to access the Geocoding service and search for addresses and places.

Prerequisites

Before starting this tutorial:

You need an ArcGIS Location Platform or ArcGIS Online account.
A development and deployment environment that meets the system requirements.
An IDE for Android development in Kotlin.

Steps

Get an access token

You need an access token to use the location services used in this tutorial.

Go to the Create an API key tutorial to obtain an access token using your ArcGIS Location Platform or ArcGIS Online account.
Ensure that the following privileges are enabled: Location services > Basemaps > Basemap styles service and Location services > Geocoding.
Copy the access token as it will be used in the next step.

To learn more about other ways to get an access token, go to Types of authentication.

Open an Android Studio project

To start this tutorial, complete the Display a map tutorial. Or download and unzip the Display a map solution in a new folder.

Modify the old project for use in this new tutorial. Expand More info for instructions.

On your file system, delete the .idea folder, if present, at the top level of your project.
In the Android tool window, open app > res > values > strings.xml.

In the <string name="app_name"> element, change the text content to Search for an address.
strings.xml
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```
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<resources>

    <string name="app_name">Search for an address</string>

</resources>
```

In the Android tool window, open Gradle Scripts > settings.gradle.kts.

Change the value of rootProject.name to "Search for an address".

settings.gradle.kts
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dependencyResolutionManagement {
    repositoriesMode.set(RepositoriesMode.FAIL_ON_PROJECT_REPOS)
    repositories {
        google()
        mavenCentral()
        maven { url = uri("https://esri.jfrog.io/artifactory/arcgis") }
    }
}

rootProject.name = "Search for an address"
include(":app")

The UI theme composable in Display a map tutorial was DisplayAMapTheme. Rename the theme composable throughout the tutorial by refactoring DisplayAMapTheme.

In the Android tool window, open app > kotlin+java > com.exmple.app > ui.theme > Theme.kt.

Right-click the function name DisplayAMapTheme and select Refactor -> Rename. Replace the name with SearchForAnAddressTheme.

Theme.kt
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@Composable
fun DisplayAMapTheme(

    darkTheme: Boolean = isSystemInDarkTheme(),
    // Dynamic color is available on Android 12+
    dynamicColor: Boolean = true,
    content: @Composable () -> Unit
) {
    val colorScheme = when {
        dynamicColor && Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.S -> {
            val context = LocalContext.current
            if (darkTheme) dynamicDarkColorScheme(context) else dynamicLightColorScheme(context)
        }

        darkTheme -> DarkColorScheme
        else -> LightColorScheme
    }

Click File > Sync Project with Gradle files. Android Studio will recognize your changes and create a new .idea folder.

Set the API key using the copied access token.

An API Key gives your app access to secure resources used in this tutorial.
1. In Android Studio: in the Android tool window, open app > java > com.example.app > MainActivity.
2. In the setApiKey() function, find the ApiKey.create() call and paste your copied access token inside the double quotes, replacing YOUR_ACCESS_TOKEN.
  MainActivity.kt
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  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 private fun setApiKey() { ArcGISEnvironment.apiKey = ApiKey.create("YOUR_ACCESS_TOKEN") }
  Warning
  The access token is stored directly in the code as a convenience for this tutorial. Storing access tokens in the source code is not best practice.

Add import statements and some Compose variables

Modify import statements to reference the packages and classes required for this tutorial.

Theme.kt
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@file:OptIn(ExperimentalMaterial3Api::class)

package com.example.app.screens

import android.content.Context
import android.widget.Toast
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.Column
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.fillMaxSize
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.fillMaxWidth
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.padding
import androidx.compose.material.icons.Icons
import androidx.compose.material.icons.filled.Search
import androidx.compose.material3.ExperimentalMaterial3Api
import androidx.compose.material3.Icon
import androidx.compose.material3.Scaffold
import androidx.compose.material3.SearchBar
import androidx.compose.material3.Text
import androidx.compose.material3.TopAppBar
import androidx.compose.runtime.Composable
import androidx.compose.runtime.getValue
import androidx.compose.runtime.mutableStateOf
import androidx.compose.runtime.remember
import androidx.compose.runtime.rememberCoroutineScope
import androidx.compose.runtime.setValue
import androidx.compose.ui.Modifier
import androidx.compose.ui.platform.LocalContext
import androidx.compose.ui.platform.LocalFocusManager
import androidx.compose.ui.res.stringResource
import com.arcgismaps.Color
import com.arcgismaps.geometry.SpatialReference
import com.arcgismaps.mapping.ArcGISMap
import com.arcgismaps.mapping.BasemapStyle
import com.arcgismaps.mapping.Viewpoint
import com.arcgismaps.mapping.symbology.HorizontalAlignment
import com.arcgismaps.mapping.symbology.SimpleMarkerSymbol
import com.arcgismaps.mapping.symbology.SimpleMarkerSymbolStyle
import com.arcgismaps.mapping.symbology.TextSymbol
import com.arcgismaps.mapping.symbology.VerticalAlignment
import com.arcgismaps.mapping.view.Graphic
import com.arcgismaps.mapping.view.GraphicsOverlay
import com.arcgismaps.tasks.geocode.GeocodeParameters
import com.arcgismaps.tasks.geocode.GeocodeResult
import com.arcgismaps.tasks.geocode.LocatorTask
import com.arcgismaps.toolkit.geoviewcompose.MapView
import com.arcgismaps.toolkit.geoviewcompose.MapViewProxy
import com.example.app.R
import kotlinx.coroutines.CoroutineScope
import kotlinx.coroutines.Job
import kotlinx.coroutines.launch

In the MainScreen composable, create Compose variables that will be passed to various functions in the MainScreen.kt file.

These are remembered state variables and use either remember() or rememberCoroutineScope()

Briefly, these variables are as follows:

context: The local context of your app.
coroutineScope: Set to rememberCoroutineScope(). You will use this variable to launch a coroutine.
focusManager: A FocusManager will allow you to clear focus from the search bar, dismissing the device keyboard after a search is submitted.
queryText: The address that the user enters in the search bar.
currentJob: The currentJob variable is of type MutableState<Job?>, which references the Kotlin coroutine Job. (It does not reference the interface Job from ArcGIS Maps SDK for Kotlin.) Note that coroutineScope.launch {} returns a Kotlin coroutine Job.
graphicsOverlay: A GraphicsOverlay to hold the text symbol (the search address) and a red square symbol (the found location on the map).
graphicsOverlay: A list of GraphicsOverlay. You pass this list to the MapView.
mapViewProxy: A MapViewProxy, defined in ArcGIS Maps SDK for Kotlin Toolkit, allows you to set the view point on the map view.
currentSpatialReference: The current SpatialReference.

Theme.kt
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@Composable
fun MainScreen() {

    val context = LocalContext.current
    val coroutineScope = rememberCoroutineScope()
    // The focus manager is used to dismiss keyboard after search query submission.
    val focusManager = LocalFocusManager.current
    var queryText by remember { mutableStateOf("") }
    val currentJob = remember { mutableStateOf<Job?>(null) }
    val graphicsOverlay = remember { GraphicsOverlay() }
    val graphicsOverlays = remember { listOf(graphicsOverlay) }
    val mapViewProxy = remember { MapViewProxy() }
    val currentSpatialReference = remember { mutableStateOf<SpatialReference?>(null) }

    val map = remember {
        createMap()
    }

    Scaffold(
        topBar = { TopAppBar(title = { Text(text = stringResource(id = R.string.app_name)) }) }
    ) {

            MapView(
                modifier = Modifier.fillMaxSize(),
                arcGISMap = map,

            )

    }

}

Create a function to geocode an address

Geocoding is implemented with a locator, typically created by referencing a service such as the geocoding service or, for offline geocoding, by referencing locator data contained in a mobile package. Geocoding parameters can be used to refine the results, such as setting a maximum number of results or requesting additional attributes in the results.

Define a top-level suspend function named searchAddress(). Declare the parameters shown below.

MainScreen.kt
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suspend fun searchAddress(
    context: Context,
    coroutineScope: CoroutineScope,
    query: String,
    currentSpatialReference: SpatialReference?,
    graphicsOverlay: GraphicsOverlay,
    mapViewProxy: MapViewProxy
) {

}
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Create a LocatorTask based on the Geocoding service.

A locator task is used to find the location of an address (geocode) or to interpolate an address for a location (reverse geocode). An address includes any type of information that distinguishes a place. A locator involves finding matching locations for a given address. Reverse-geocoding is the opposite and finds the closest address for a given location.

MainScreen.kt
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suspend fun searchAddress(
    context: Context,
    coroutineScope: CoroutineScope,
    query: String,
    currentSpatialReference: SpatialReference?,
    graphicsOverlay: GraphicsOverlay,
    mapViewProxy: MapViewProxy
) {

    val geocodeServerUri = "https://geocode-api.arcgis.com/arcgis/rest/services/World/GeocodeServer"
    val locatorTask = LocatorTask(geocodeServerUri)

}
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Create a new GeocodeParameters and define some of its properties.

Add the names of attributes to return to the GeocodeParameters.resultAttributeNames collection. An asterisk (*) indicates all attributes.
Set the maximum number of results to be returned with GeocodeParameters.maxResults. Results are ordered by score, so that the first result has the best match score (ranging from 0 for no match to 100 for the best match).
Set the spatial reference for result locations with GeocodeParameters.outputSpatialReference. By default, the output spatial reference is defined by the geocode service. For optimal performance when displaying the geocode result, you can ensure that returned coordinates match those of the map view by providing the map view's spatial reference.

When geocoding an address, you can optionally provide GeocodeParameters to control certain aspects of the geocoding operation and specify the kinds of results to return from the locator task. Learn more about these parameters in the GeocodeParameters. For a list of attributes returned with geocode results, see Geocoding service output in the ArcGIS services reference.

MainScreen.kt
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suspend fun searchAddress(
    context: Context,
    coroutineScope: CoroutineScope,
    query: String,
    currentSpatialReference: SpatialReference?,
    graphicsOverlay: GraphicsOverlay,
    mapViewProxy: MapViewProxy
) {

    val geocodeServerUri = "https://geocode-api.arcgis.com/arcgis/rest/services/World/GeocodeServer"
    val locatorTask = LocatorTask(geocodeServerUri)

    // Create geocode parameters
    val geocodeParameters = GeocodeParameters().apply {
        resultAttributeNames.add("*")
        maxResults = 1
        outputSpatialReference = currentSpatialReference
    }

}
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To find the location for the address that the user entered, call LocatorTask.geocode(), passing the query and geocodeParameters variables.

In the .onSuccess block, call the handleGeocodeResults() function (which we will define in a later section). Pass parameters to handleGeocodeResults() as shown below.

The geocode results are implemented as a list of GeocodeResult objects. In this tutorial, either one or zero results will be returned, as the maximum results parameter was set to 1.

MainScreen.kt
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suspend fun searchAddress(
    context: Context,
    coroutineScope: CoroutineScope,
    query: String,
    currentSpatialReference: SpatialReference?,
    graphicsOverlay: GraphicsOverlay,
    mapViewProxy: MapViewProxy
) {

    val geocodeServerUri = "https://geocode-api.arcgis.com/arcgis/rest/services/World/GeocodeServer"
    val locatorTask = LocatorTask(geocodeServerUri)

    // Create geocode parameters
    val geocodeParameters = GeocodeParameters().apply {
        resultAttributeNames.add("*")
        maxResults = 1
        outputSpatialReference = currentSpatialReference
    }

    // Search for the address
    locatorTask.geocode(searchText = query, parameters = geocodeParameters)
        .onSuccess { geocodeResults: List<GeocodeResult> ->
            handleGeocodeResults(
                context, coroutineScope, geocodeResults, graphicsOverlay, mapViewProxy
            )
        }.onFailure { error ->
            showMessage(context, "The locatorTask.geocode() call failed: ${error.message}")
        }

}
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Create two graphics

You will create a graphic that uses a text symbol to display the address as a string. You will create another graphic that uses a red square to indicate the location on the map.

Define a top-level function named createTextGraphic() and declare a GeocodeResult parameter. For the text of the TextSymbol, use the GeocodeResult.label property. For the geometry of the Graphic, use the GeocodeResult.displayLocation property.

MainScreen.kt
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fun createTextGraphic(geocodeResult: GeocodeResult): Graphic {
    val textSymbol = TextSymbol(
        text = geocodeResult.label,
        color = Color.black,
        size = 18f,
        horizontalAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Center,
        verticalAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Bottom
    ).apply {
        offsetY = 8f
        haloColor = Color.white
        haloWidth = 2f
    }
    return Graphic(
        geometry = geocodeResult.displayLocation,
        symbol = textSymbol
    )
}
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Define a top-level function named createMarkerGraphic() and declare a GeocodeResult parameter. For the geometry of the Graphic, use the GeocodeResult.label property. For the attributes of the Graphic, use the GeocodeResult.attributes property.

MainScreen.kt
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fun createMarkerGraphic(geocodeResult: GeocodeResult): Graphic {
    val simpleMarkerSymbol = SimpleMarkerSymbol(
        style = SimpleMarkerSymbolStyle.Square,
        color = Color.red,
        size = 12.0f
    )
    return Graphic(
        geometry = geocodeResult.displayLocation,
        attributes = geocodeResult.attributes,
        symbol = simpleMarkerSymbol
    )
}
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Display the result

The result obtained from the geocode operation can be displayed by adding the two graphics you just created to the map view's graphics overlay.

Define a suspend function named handleGeocodeResults(). Declare the parameters shown below.

MainScreen.kt
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fun handleGeocodeResults(
    context: Context,
    coroutineScope: CoroutineScope,
    geocodeResults: List<GeocodeResult>,
    graphicsOverlay: GraphicsOverlay,
    mapViewProxy: MapViewProxy
) {

}
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If the geocodeResults list is not empty, do the following: First, get the first GeocodeResult from the geocodeResults list. Next, call createTextGraphic() and createMarkerGraphic(), passing that geocode result to each. Last, add the two graphics to the GraphicsOverlay.

MainScreen.kt
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fun handleGeocodeResults(
    context: Context,
    coroutineScope: CoroutineScope,
    geocodeResults: List<GeocodeResult>,
    graphicsOverlay: GraphicsOverlay,
    mapViewProxy: MapViewProxy
) {

    if (geocodeResults.isNotEmpty()) {
        val geocodeResult = geocodeResults[0]
        // Create a Text graphic to display the address text, and add it to the graphics overlay.
        val textGraphic = createTextGraphic(geocodeResult)
        // Create a red square marker graphic, and add it to the graphics overlay.
        val markerGraphic = createMarkerGraphic(geocodeResult)
        // Clear previous results and add graphics.
        graphicsOverlay.graphics.apply {
            clear()
            add(textGraphic)
            add(markerGraphic)
        }

}
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Inside a coroutineScope.launch block, get the display location (which is a Point) from the geocode result and assign it to a variable named centerPoint. Then call MapViewProxy.setViewpointCenter(), which is defined in the ArcGIS Maps SDK for Kotlin Toolkit, and pass centerPoint.

Last, add code to handle the case where the geocodeResults list is empty.

MainScreen.kt
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fun handleGeocodeResults(
    context: Context,
    coroutineScope: CoroutineScope,
    geocodeResults: List<GeocodeResult>,
    graphicsOverlay: GraphicsOverlay,
    mapViewProxy: MapViewProxy
) {

    if (geocodeResults.isNotEmpty()) {
        val geocodeResult = geocodeResults[0]
        // Create a Text graphic to display the address text, and add it to the graphics overlay.
        val textGraphic = createTextGraphic(geocodeResult)
        // Create a red square marker graphic, and add it to the graphics overlay.
        val markerGraphic = createMarkerGraphic(geocodeResult)
        // Clear previous results and add graphics.
        graphicsOverlay.graphics.apply {
            clear()
            add(textGraphic)
            add(markerGraphic)
        }

        coroutineScope.launch {
            val centerPoint = geocodeResult.displayLocation
                ?: return@launch showMessage(context, "The locatorTask.geocode() call failed")

            // Animate the map view to the center point.
            mapViewProxy.setViewpointCenter(centerPoint)
                .onFailure { error ->
                    showMessage(context, "Failed to set Viewpoint center: ${error.message}")
                }

        }

    } else {
        showMessage(context, "No address found for the given query")
    }

}
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Add a search bar and pass parameters to `MapView`

To search an address using the application, add a search bar that will accept an address as text input.

Next, modify the Scaffold so it contains a Column. Inside the Column, you will add a SearchBar, followed by MapView.

Inside the Scaffold block, find the MapView from the Display a map tutorial and replace it with a call of Column. A Column allows you to display the search bar at the top of the screen and the map view directly below.

MainScreen.kt
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@Composable
fun MainScreen() {

    val context = LocalContext.current
    val coroutineScope = rememberCoroutineScope()
    // The focus manager is used to dismiss keyboard after search query submission.
    val focusManager = LocalFocusManager.current
    var queryText by remember { mutableStateOf("") }
    val currentJob = remember { mutableStateOf<Job?>(null) }
    val graphicsOverlay = remember { GraphicsOverlay() }
    val graphicsOverlays = remember { listOf(graphicsOverlay) }
    val mapViewProxy = remember { MapViewProxy() }
    val currentSpatialReference = remember { mutableStateOf<SpatialReference?>(null) }

    val map = remember {
        createMap()
    }

    Scaffold(
        topBar = { TopAppBar(title = { Text(text = stringResource(id = R.string.app_name)) }) }
    ) {

        Column(
            modifier = Modifier
                .fillMaxSize()
                .padding(it)
        ) {

        }

    }

}
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Call the SearchBar composable, passing the parameters shown below.

Pass a lambda for the onSearch parameter. When the onSearch callback is invoked, the lambda should clear the focus from the search bar (thus dismissing the device keyboard), then cancel any previous search job, and start a new search job by calling searchAddress(). Note that the onSearch lambda provides a parameter with the value of the current input query, which you must pass to searchAddress().

MainScreen.kt
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@Composable
fun MainScreen() {

    val context = LocalContext.current
    val coroutineScope = rememberCoroutineScope()
    // The focus manager is used to dismiss keyboard after search query submission.
    val focusManager = LocalFocusManager.current
    var queryText by remember { mutableStateOf("") }
    val currentJob = remember { mutableStateOf<Job?>(null) }
    val graphicsOverlay = remember { GraphicsOverlay() }
    val graphicsOverlays = remember { listOf(graphicsOverlay) }
    val mapViewProxy = remember { MapViewProxy() }
    val currentSpatialReference = remember { mutableStateOf<SpatialReference?>(null) }

    val map = remember {
        createMap()
    }

    Scaffold(
        topBar = { TopAppBar(title = { Text(text = stringResource(id = R.string.app_name)) }) }
    ) {

        Column(
            modifier = Modifier
                .fillMaxSize()
                .padding(it)
        ) {

            SearchBar(
                modifier = Modifier.fillMaxWidth(),
                query = queryText,
                onQueryChange = { query -> queryText = query },
                onSearch = { currentQuery ->
                    focusManager.clearFocus()
                    // Cancel any previous search job.
                    currentJob.value?.cancel()
                    // Start a new search job.
                    currentJob.value = coroutineScope.launch {
                        searchAddress(
                            context,
                            coroutineScope,
                            currentQuery,
                            currentSpatialReference.value,
                            graphicsOverlay,
                            mapViewProxy
                        )
                    }
                },
                active = false,
                onActiveChange = { /* Use this for dynamic search results */ },
                leadingIcon = { Icon(Icons.Filled.Search, contentDescription = "Search") },
                placeholder = { Text("Search for an address") }
            ) {}

        }

    }

}
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Add back the MapView, passing a Modifier and map.

MainScreen.kt
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    Scaffold(
        topBar = { TopAppBar(title = { Text(text = stringResource(id = R.string.app_name)) }) }
    ) {

        Column(
            modifier = Modifier
                .fillMaxSize()
                .padding(it)
        ) {

            SearchBar(
                modifier = Modifier.fillMaxWidth(),
                query = queryText,
                onQueryChange = { query -> queryText = query },
                onSearch = { currentQuery ->
                    focusManager.clearFocus()
                    // Cancel any previous search job.
                    currentJob.value?.cancel()
                    // Start a new search job.
                    currentJob.value = coroutineScope.launch {
                        searchAddress(
                            context,
                            coroutineScope,
                            currentQuery,
                            currentSpatialReference.value,
                            graphicsOverlay,
                            mapViewProxy
                        )
                    }
                },
                active = false,
                onActiveChange = { /* Use this for dynamic search results */ },
                leadingIcon = { Icon(Icons.Filled.Search, contentDescription = "Search") },
                placeholder = { Text("Search for an address") }
            ) {}

            MapView(
                modifier = Modifier.fillMaxSize(),
                arcGISMap = map,

            )

        }

    }
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Pass these additional parameters to MapView:

graphicsOverlays: Pass the graphicsOverlays variable, defined at the top of the MainScreen block.
mapViewProxy: Pass the mapViewProxy variable (of type MapViewProxy, defined at the top of the MainScreen block.
onSpatialReferenceChanged: Pass a lambda that retrieves a spatial reference and assigns it to the currentSpatialReference variable, defined at the top of the MainScreen block.

MainScreen.kt
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            MapView(
                modifier = Modifier.fillMaxSize(),
                arcGISMap = map,

                graphicsOverlays = graphicsOverlays,
                mapViewProxy = mapViewProxy,
                onSpatialReferenceChanged = { spatialReference ->
                    currentSpatialReference.value = spatialReference
                }

            )
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(Optional) The code in this tutorial calls a function to display messages to the user. One possible implementation of showMessage() is the following.

MainScreen.kt
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fun showMessage(context: Context, message: String) {
    Toast.makeText(context, message, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show()
}

Click Run > Run > app to run the app.

You should see a search box above the map. Search for an address by entering an address and press the magnifying glass on the on the device keyboard. The result of the search should display on the map as a red square.

What's next?

Learn how to use additional API features, ArcGIS location services, and ArcGIS tools in these tutorials: