Access services with OAuth credentials

Before starting this tutorial:

• You need an ArcGIS Location Platform or ArcGIS Online account.

• Ensure your development environment meets the system requirements.

Optionally, you may want to install the ArcGIS Maps SDK for .NET to get access to project templates in Visual Studio (Windows only) and offline copies of the NuGet packages.

Option 1: Develop the code

Create a new Visual Studio Project

ArcGIS Maps SDK for .NET supports apps for Windows Presentation Framework (WPF), Universal Windows Platform (UWP), Windows UI Library (WinUI), and .NET MAUI. The instructions for this tutorial are specific to creating a WPF .NET project using Visual Studio for Windows.

1. Start Visual Studio and create a new project.

   • In the Visual Studio start screen, click Create a new project.
   • Choose the WPF Application template for C#. If you don't see the template listed, you can find it by typing WPF Application into the Search for templates text box.
   • Click Next.
   • Provide required values in the Configure your new project panel:
     • Project name: AccessServicesWithOAuth
     • Location: choose a folder
   • Click Next.
     • Choose the framework: .NET 8.0 (Long Term Support)
   • Click Create to create the project.

Add a reference to the API

1. Add a reference to the API by installing a NuGet package.

   • In Solution Explorer, right-click Dependencies and choose Manage NuGet Packages.
   • In the NuGet Package Manager window, ensure the selected Package source is nuget.org (upper-right).
   • Select the Browse tab and search for ArcGIS Maps SDK.
   • In the search results, select the appropriate package for your platform. For this tutorial project, choose the Esri.ArcGISRuntime.WPF NuGet package.
   • Confirm the Latest stable version of the package is selected in the Version dropdown.
   • Click Apply.
   • The Preview Changes dialog confirms any package(s) dependencies or conflicts. Review the changes and click OK to continue installing the packages.
   • Review the license information on the License Acceptance dialog and click I Accept to add the package(s) to your project.
   • In the Visual Studio Output window, ensure the packages were successfully installed. If you see an error about the target Windows version, you will fix that in the next step.
   • Close the NuGet Package Manager window.

2. You may see an error like this in the Visual Studio Error List: The 'Esri.ArcGISRuntime.WPF' nuget package cannot be used to target 'net8.0-windows'. Target 'net8.0-windows10.0.19041.0' or later instead.. If so, follow these steps to address it.

   • In Solution Explorer, right-click the project entry in the tree view and choose Edit Project File.
   • Update the <TargetFramework> element with net8.0-windows10.0.19041.0 (or higher).
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   <PropertyGroup>
     <OutputType>WinExe</OutputType>
     <TargetFramework>net8.0-windows10.0.19041.0</TargetFramework>
     <UseWPF>true</UseWPF>
   </PropertyGroup>
   • Save the project file and close it.

Create a view model to store app logic

Following the Model-View-ViewModel (MVVM) design pattern, you'll create view model class to contain properties and methods that your view will bind to.

1. Add a new class that will define a view model for the project.

   • Click Project > Add Class ....
   • Name the new class MapViewModel.cs.
   • Click Add to create the new class and add it to the project.
   • The new class will open in Visual Studio.

2. Add required using statements to the view model.

   MapViewModel.cs

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   using System;
   using System.Collections.Generic;
   using System.Text;
   
   using Esri.ArcGISRuntime.Geometry;
   using Esri.ArcGISRuntime.Mapping;
   using System.ComponentModel;
   using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
   

3. Implement the INotifyPropertyChanged interface in the MapViewModel class.

   Notify when a bound property changes

   The INotifyPropertyChanged interface defines a PropertyChanged event that will notify clients (views) that a property of the view model has changed. Bindings in the view will update to reflect the new value.

   MapViewModel.cs

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   namespace AccessServicesWithOAuth
   {
   
       class MapViewModel : INotifyPropertyChanged
       {
   
   

4. Inside the MapViewModel class, add code to implement the PropertyChanged event.

   MapViewModel.cs

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       class MapViewModel : INotifyPropertyChanged
       {
   
   
           public event PropertyChangedEventHandler? PropertyChanged;
           protected void OnPropertyChanged([CallerMemberName] string propertyName = "")
           {
               PropertyChanged?.Invoke(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
           }
   
       }
   

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5. Define a new property on the view model called Map that exposes a Map object. When the property is set, call OnPropertyChanged.

   MapViewModel.cs

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       class MapViewModel : INotifyPropertyChanged
       {
   
   
           public event PropertyChangedEventHandler? PropertyChanged;
           protected void OnPropertyChanged([CallerMemberName] string propertyName = "")
           {
               PropertyChanged?.Invoke(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
           }
   
           private Map? _map;
           public Map? Map
           {
               get { return _map; }
               set
               {
                   _map = value;
                   OnPropertyChanged();
               }
           }
   
       }
   

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6. Add a function to the MapViewModel class called SetupMap. Start by creating a new map that uses a topographic basemap. Provide an initial viewpoint centered on the Santa Monica Mountains in California.

   MapViewModel.cs

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           private Map? _map;
           public Map? Map
           {
               get { return _map; }
               set
               {
                   _map = value;
                   OnPropertyChanged();
               }
           }
   
           private void SetupMap()
           {
               // Create a new map with a 'topographic vector' basemap.
               var trafficMap = new Map(BasemapStyle.ArcGISTopographic);
   
               // Set the initial viewpoint around the Santa Monica Mountains in California.
               var mapCenterPoint = new MapPoint(-118.805, 34.027, SpatialReferences.Wgs84);
               trafficMap.InitialViewpoint = new Viewpoint(mapCenterPoint, 100000);
   
           }
   

   Expand

   You will add a layer to display the ArcGIS World Traffic service, a dynamic map service that presents historical and near real-time traffic information for different regions in the world. This is a secure service and requires an ArcGIS Online organizational subscription.

   More info about the traffic service

   ArcGIS World Traffic service data is updated every five minutes to provide traffic speed and traffic incident visualization and identification.

   Traffic speeds are displayed as a percentage of free-flow speeds, which is frequently the speed limit or how fast cars tend to travel when unencumbered by other vehicles. The streets are color coded as follows:

   • Green (fast): 85 - 100% of free flow speeds
   • Yellow (moderate): 65 - 85%
   • Orange (slow); 45 - 65%
   • Red (stop and go): 0 - 45%

7. Create an ArcGISMapImageLayer to display the traffic service and add it to the map's collection of data layers (operational layers).

   MapViewModel.cs

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           private void SetupMap()
           {
               // Create a new map with a 'topographic vector' basemap.
               var trafficMap = new Map(BasemapStyle.ArcGISTopographic);
   
               // Set the initial viewpoint around the Santa Monica Mountains in California.
               var mapCenterPoint = new MapPoint(-118.805, 34.027, SpatialReferences.Wgs84);
               trafficMap.InitialViewpoint = new Viewpoint(mapCenterPoint, 100000);
   
               // Create a layer to display the ArcGIS World Traffic service.
               var trafficServiceUrl = "https://traffic.arcgis.com/arcgis/rest/services/World/Traffic/MapServer";
               var trafficLayer = new ArcGISMapImageLayer(new Uri(trafficServiceUrl));
   
               // Add the traffic layer to the map's data layer collection.
               trafficMap.OperationalLayers.Add(trafficLayer);
   
           }
   

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8. Set the view model's Map property. Data binding handles displaying the map in the view.

   MapViewModel.cs

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           private void SetupMap()
           {
               // Create a new map with a 'topographic vector' basemap.
               var trafficMap = new Map(BasemapStyle.ArcGISTopographic);
   
               // Set the initial viewpoint around the Santa Monica Mountains in California.
               var mapCenterPoint = new MapPoint(-118.805, 34.027, SpatialReferences.Wgs84);
               trafficMap.InitialViewpoint = new Viewpoint(mapCenterPoint, 100000);
   
               // Create a layer to display the ArcGIS World Traffic service.
               var trafficServiceUrl = "https://traffic.arcgis.com/arcgis/rest/services/World/Traffic/MapServer";
               var trafficLayer = new ArcGISMapImageLayer(new Uri(trafficServiceUrl));
   
               // Add the traffic layer to the map's data layer collection.
               trafficMap.OperationalLayers.Add(trafficLayer);
   
               // Set the view model Map property with the new map.
               this.Map = trafficMap;
   
           }
   

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9. Add a constructor to the class that calls SetupMap when a new MapViewModel is instantiated.

   Class constructors

   When you write code like MapViewModel newMapVM = new MapViewModel();, the class constructor runs. This is a good place to add code that needs to run when the class is initialized.

   MapViewModel.cs

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   namespace AccessServicesWithOAuth
   {
   
       class MapViewModel : INotifyPropertyChanged
       {
   
   
           public MapViewModel()
           {
               SetupMap();
           }
   

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Your MapViewModel is complete!

An advantage of using the MVVM design pattern is the ability to reuse code in a view model. Because this API has a nearly-standard API surface across platforms, a view model written for one app typically works on all supported .NET platforms. This view model could be used in a .NET MAUI app, a WinUI app, or a UWP app with little or no modification.

Set developer credentials

To allow your app users to access ArcGIS Location Services, use the developer credentials that you created in the Set up authentication step to authenticate requests for resources.

1. From the Visual Studio Project menu, choose Add class .... Name the class ArcGISLoginPrompt.cs then click Add. The new class is added to your project and opens in Visual Studio.

2. Select all the code in the new class and delete it.

3. Copy all of the code below and paste it into the ArcGISLoginPrompt.cs class in your project.

   ArcGISLoginPrompt.cs

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   // Copyright 2021 Esri.
   //
   // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
   // You may obtain a copy of the License at: http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
   //
   // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an
   // "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific
   // language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
   
   using Esri.ArcGISRuntime.Security;
   using System;
   using System.Collections.Generic;
   using System.Threading.Tasks;
   using System.Windows;
   using System.Windows.Controls;
   using System.Windows.Navigation;
   using System.Windows.Threading;
   
   namespace UserAuth
   {
   
       internal static class ArcGISLoginPrompt
       {
           private const string ArcGISOnlineUrl = "https://www.arcgis.com/sharing/rest";
           // Specify the Client ID and Redirect URL to use with OAuth authentication.
           // See the instructions here for creating OAuth app settings:
           // https://developers.arcgis.com/documentation/security-and-authentication/user-authentication/tutorials/create-oauth-credentials-user-auth/
   
           private const string AppClientId = "YOUR_CLIENT_ID";
           private const string OAuthRedirectUrl = "YOUR_REDIRECT_URL";
   
           public static async Task<bool> EnsureAGOLCredentialAsync()
           {
               bool loggedIn = false;
   
               try
               {
                   // Create a challenge request for portal credentials (OAuth credential request for arcgis.com)
                   CredentialRequestInfo challengeRequest = new CredentialRequestInfo
                   {
                       // Use the OAuth authorization code workflow.
                       GenerateTokenOptions = new GenerateTokenOptions
                       {
                           TokenAuthenticationType = TokenAuthenticationType.OAuthAuthorizationCode
                       },
   
                       // Indicate the url (portal) to authenticate with (ArcGIS Online)
                       ServiceUri = new Uri(ArcGISOnlineUrl)
                   };
   
                   // Call GetCredentialAsync on the AuthenticationManager to invoke the challenge handler
                   Credential? cred = await AuthenticationManager.Current.GetCredentialAsync(challengeRequest, false);
                   loggedIn = cred != null;
               }
               catch (OperationCanceledException)
               {
                   // OAuth login was canceled, no need to display error to user.
               }
               catch (Exception ex)
               {
                   // Login failure
                   MessageBox.Show("Login failed: " + ex.Message);
               }
   
               return loggedIn;
           }
   
           public static void SetChallengeHandler()
           {
               var userConfig = new OAuthUserConfiguration(new Uri(ArcGISOnlineUrl), AppClientId, new Uri(OAuthRedirectUrl));
               AuthenticationManager.Current.OAuthUserConfigurations.Add(userConfig);
               AuthenticationManager.Current.OAuthAuthorizeHandler = new OAuthAuthorize();
           }
   
           #region OAuth handler
   
           // In a desktop (WPF) app, an IOAuthAuthorizeHandler component is used to handle some of the OAuth details. Specifically, it
           //     implements AuthorizeAsync to show the login UI (generated by the server that hosts secure content) in a web control.
           //     When the user logs in successfully, cancels the login, or closes the window without continuing, the IOAuthAuthorizeHandler
           //     is responsible for obtaining the authorization from the server or raising an OperationCanceledException.
           public class OAuthAuthorize : IOAuthAuthorizeHandler
           {
               // Window to contain the OAuth UI.
               private Window? _authWindow;
   
               // Use a TaskCompletionSource to track the completion of the authorization.
               private TaskCompletionSource<IDictionary<string, string>> _tcs;
   
               // URL for the authorization callback result (the redirect URI configured for your application).
               private string _callbackUrl = "";
   
               // URL that handles the OAuth request.
               private string? _authorizeUrl;
   
               // Function to handle authorization requests, takes the URIs for the secured service, the authorization endpoint, and the redirect URI.
               public Task<IDictionary<string, string>> AuthorizeAsync(Uri serviceUri, Uri authorizeUri, Uri callbackUri)
               {
                   if (_tcs != null && !_tcs.Task.IsCompleted)
                       throw new Exception("Task in progress");
   
                   _tcs = new TaskCompletionSource<IDictionary<string, string>>();
   
                   // Store the authorization and redirect URLs.
                   _authorizeUrl = authorizeUri.AbsoluteUri;
                   _callbackUrl = callbackUri.AbsoluteUri;
   
                   // Call a function to show the login controls, make sure it runs on the UI thread for this app.
                   Dispatcher dispatcher = Application.Current.Dispatcher;
                   if (dispatcher == null || dispatcher.CheckAccess())
                   {
                       AuthorizeOnUIThread(_authorizeUrl);
                   }
                   else
                   {
                       Action authorizeOnUIAction = () => AuthorizeOnUIThread(_authorizeUrl);
                       dispatcher.BeginInvoke(authorizeOnUIAction);
                   }
   
                   // Return the task associated with the TaskCompletionSource.
                   return _tcs.Task;
               }
   
               // Challenge for OAuth credentials on the UI thread.
               private void AuthorizeOnUIThread(string authorizeUri)
               {
                   // Create a WebBrowser control to display the authorize page.
                   WebBrowser webBrowser = new WebBrowser();
   
                   // Handle the navigation event for the browser to check for a response to the redirect URL.
                   webBrowser.Navigating += WebBrowserOnNavigating;
   
                   // Display the web browser in a new window.
                   _authWindow = new Window
                   {
                       Content = webBrowser,
                       Width = 450,
                       Height = 450,
                       WindowStartupLocation = WindowStartupLocation.CenterOwner
                   };
   
                   // Set the app's window as the owner of the browser window (if main window closes, so will the browser).
                   if (Application.Current != null && Application.Current.MainWindow != null)
                   {
                       _authWindow.Owner = Application.Current.MainWindow;
                   }
   
                   // Handle the window closed event then navigate to the authorize url.
                   _authWindow.Closed += OnWindowClosed;
                   webBrowser.Navigate(authorizeUri);
   
                   // Display the window.
                   _authWindow.ShowDialog();
               }
   
               // Handle the browser window closing.
               private void OnWindowClosed(object? sender, EventArgs e)
               {
                   // If the browser window closes, return the focus to the main window.
                   if (_authWindow != null && _authWindow.Owner != null)
                   {
                       _authWindow.Owner.Focus();
                   }
   
                   // If the task wasn't completed, the user must have closed the window without logging in.
                   if (!_tcs.Task.IsCompleted)
                   {
                       // Set the task completion source exception to indicate a canceled operation.
                       _tcs.SetCanceled();
                   }
   
                   _authWindow = null;
               }
   
               // Handle browser navigation (content changing).
               private void WebBrowserOnNavigating(object sender, NavigatingCancelEventArgs e)
               {
                   // Check for a response to the callback url.
                   const string portalApprovalMarker = "/oauth2/approval";
                   WebBrowser? webBrowser = sender as WebBrowser;
   
                   Uri uri = e.Uri;
   
                   // If no browser, uri, or an empty url, return.
                   if (webBrowser == null || uri == null || string.IsNullOrEmpty(uri.AbsoluteUri))
                       return;
   
                   // Check for redirect.
                   bool isRedirected = uri.AbsoluteUri.StartsWith(_callbackUrl) ||
                       _callbackUrl.Contains(portalApprovalMarker) && uri.AbsoluteUri.Contains(portalApprovalMarker);
   
                   // Check if browser was redirected to the callback URL. (This indicates succesful authentication.)
                   if (isRedirected)
                   {
                       e.Cancel = true;
   
                       // Call a helper function to decode the response parameters.
                       IDictionary<string, string> authResponse = DecodeParameters(uri);
   
                       // Set the result for the task completion source.
                       _tcs.SetResult(authResponse);
   
                       // Close the window.
                       if (_authWindow != null)
                       {
                           _authWindow.Close();
                       }
                   }
               }
   
               private static IDictionary<string, string> DecodeParameters(Uri uri)
               {
                   // Create a dictionary of key value pairs returned in an OAuth authorization response URI query string.
                   string answer = "";
   
                   // Get the values from the URI fragment or query string.
                   if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(uri.Fragment))
                   {
                       answer = uri.Fragment.Substring(1);
                   }
                   else
                   {
                       if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(uri.Query))
                       {
                           answer = uri.Query.Substring(1);
                       }
                   }
   
                   // Parse parameters into key / value pairs.
                   Dictionary<string, string> keyValueDictionary = new Dictionary<string, string>();
                   string[] keysAndValues = answer.Split(new[] { '&' }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
                   foreach (string kvString in keysAndValues)
                   {
                       string[] pair = kvString.Split('=');
                       string key = pair[0];
                       string value = string.Empty;
                       if (key.Length > 1)
                       {
                           value = Uri.UnescapeDataString(pair[1]);
                       }
   
                       keyValueDictionary.Add(key, value);
                   }
   
                   // Return the dictionary of string keys/values.
                   return keyValueDictionary;
               }
           }
   
           #endregion OAuth handler
       }
   }

4. Add your values for the client ID (AppClientId) and for the redirect URL (OAuthRedirectUrl). These are the user authentication settings you created in the Set up authentication step.

   ArcGISLoginPrompt.cs

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       internal static class ArcGISLoginPrompt
       {
           private const string ArcGISOnlineUrl = "https://www.arcgis.com/sharing/rest";
           // Specify the Client ID and Redirect URL to use with OAuth authentication.
           // See the instructions here for creating OAuth app settings:
           // https://developers.arcgis.com/documentation/security-and-authentication/user-authentication/tutorials/create-oauth-credentials-user-auth/
   
           private const string AppClientId = "YOUR_CLIENT_ID";
           private const string OAuthRedirectUrl = "YOUR_REDIRECT_URL";
   

5. In the Solution Explorer, expand the node for App.xaml, and double-click App.xaml.cs to open it.

6. In the App class, add an override for the OnStartup() function to call the SetChallengeHandler() method on your static ArcGISLoginPrompt class.

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       public partial class App : Application
       {
   
           protected override void OnStartup(StartupEventArgs e)
           {
               base.OnStartup(e);
   
               // Call a function to set up the AuthenticationManager for OAuth.
               UserAuth.ArcGISLoginPrompt.SetChallengeHandler();
   
           }
   
       }
   }

7. Save and close the App.xaml.cs file.

Best Practice: The OAuth credentials are stored directly in the code as a convenience for this tutorial. Do not store credentials directly in source code in a production environment.

Next, you will set up a view in your project to consume the view model.

Add a map view

A MapView control is used to display a map. You will add a map view to your project UI and use data binding to consume the value of the Map property defined on MapViewModel.

1. Add required XML namespace and resource declarations.

   More info

   • Open MainWindow.xaml and switch to the XAML view
   • Inside the existing namespace declarations, add an esri XML namespace for the ArcGIS controls
   • Add XAML that defines a MapViewModel instance as a static resource
   MainWindow.xaml

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   <Window x:Class="AccessServicesWithOAuth.MainWindow"
           xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
           xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
           xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
           xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
           xmlns:local="clr-namespace:AccessServicesWithOAuth"
           xmlns:esri="http://schemas.esri.com/arcgis/runtime/2013"
           mc:Ignorable="d"
           Title="MainWindow" Height="450" Width="800">
   
       <Window.Resources>
           <local:MapViewModel x:Key="MapViewModel" />
       </Window.Resources>
   

   Expand

2. Add a MapView control to MainWindow.xaml and bind it to the MapViewModel.

   More info

   • Add XAML that defines a MapView control named MainMapView
   • Use data binding to set the Map property of the control using the MapViewModel resource.
   MainWindow.xaml

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       <Grid>
   
           <esri:MapView x:Name="MainMapView"
                         Map="{Binding Map, Source={StaticResource MapViewModel}}" />
   
       </Grid>
   

   Expand

Run the app

Click Debug > Start Debugging (or press <F5> on the keyboard) to run the app.

You will be prompted for a username and password. Once you authenticate successfully, you will see a traffic map centered on the Santa Monica Mountains in California.

Option 2: Download the solution

1. Click the Download solution link in the right-hand panel of the page.

2. Unzip the file to a location on your machine.

3. Open the .sln file in Visual Studio.

Since the downloaded solution does not contain authentication credentials, you must add the developer credentials that you created in the set up authentication section.

Set developer credentials in the solution

To allow your app users to access ArcGIS location services, use the developer credentials that you created in the Set up authentication step to authenticate requests for resources.

1. From the Visual Studio Solution explorer window, open the ArcGISLoginPrompt.cs file.

2. Set your values for the client ID (OAuthClientID) and the redirect URL (OAuthRedirectUrl). These are the user authentication settings you created in the Set up authentication step.

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       internal static class ArcGISLoginPrompt
       {
           private const string ArcGISOnlineUrl = "https://www.arcgis.com/sharing/rest";
           // Specify the Client ID and Redirect URL to use with OAuth authentication.
           // See the instructions here for creating OAuth app settings:
           // https://developers.arcgis.com/documentation/security-and-authentication/user-authentication/tutorials/create-oauth-credentials-user-auth/
   
           private const string AppClientId = "YOUR_CLIENT_ID";
           private const string OAuthRedirectUrl = "YOUR_REDIRECT_URL";
   

Best Practice: The OAuth credentials are stored directly in the code as a convenience for this tutorial. Do not store credentials directly in source code in a production environment.

Run the app

Click Debug > Start Debugging (or press <F5> on the keyboard) to run the app.

You will be prompted for a username and password. Once you authenticate successfully, you will see a traffic map centered on the Santa Monica Mountains in California.