Search for an address

Learn how to find an address or place with a search bar and the geocoding service.

Geocoding is the process of converting address or place text into a location. The geocoding service can search for an address or a place and perform reverse geocoding.

In this tutorial, you use a search bar in the user interface to access the Geocoding service and search for addresses and places.

Prerequisites

Steps

Open a Visual Studio solution

1. To start the tutorial, complete the Display a map tutorial or download and unzip the solution.

2. Open the .sln file in Visual Studio.

3. If you downloaded the solution project, set your API key.

   Instructions for setting the API key

   An API Key enables access to services, web maps, and web scenes hosted in ArcGIS Online.

   If necessary, set the  API Key.

   1. Go to your developer dashboard to get your API key. For these tutorials, use your default API key. It is scoped to include all of the services demonstrated in the tutorials.

   2. In Visual Studio, in the Solution Explorer, click App.xaml.cs.

   3. In the App class, add an override for the OnStartup() function to set the ApiKey property on ArcGISRuntimeEnvironment.

      App.xaml.cs

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          public partial class App : Application
          {
      
              protected override void OnStartup(StartupEventArgs e)
              {
                  base.OnStartup(e);
                  // Note: it is not best practice to store API keys in source code.
                  // The API key is referenced here for the convenience of this tutorial.
                  Esri.ArcGISRuntime.ArcGISRuntimeEnvironment.ApiKey = "YOUR_API_KEY";
              }
      
          }
      }

Update the tutorial name used in the project (optional)

The Visual Studio solution, project, and the namespace for all classes currently use the name DisplayAMap. Follow the steps below if you prefer the name to reflect the current tutorial. These steps are not required, your code will still work if you keep the original name.

Add a graphics overlay

A graphics overlay is a container for graphics. Graphics overlays are typically used to display temporary information, such as the results of an address search operation, and are displayed on top of all other layers. They do not persist when you save the map.

1. In the Visual Studio > Solution Explorer, double-click MapViewModel.cs to open the file.

   More info

   The project uses the Model-View-ViewModel (MVVM) design pattern to separate the application logic (view model) from the user interface (view). MapViewModel.cs contains the view model class for the application, called MapViewModel. See the Microsoft documentation for more information about the Model-View-ViewModel pattern.

2. Add additional required using statements to your MapViewModel class. Geocoding contains classes used for geocoding (finding geographic locations from an address). The Esri.ArcGISRuntime.UI namespace contains the GraphicsOverlay and Graphic classes and Esri.ArcGISRuntime.Symbology contains the classes that define the symbols for displaying them.

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   using System;
   using System.Collections.Generic;
   using Esri.ArcGISRuntime.Geometry;
   using Esri.ArcGISRuntime.Mapping;
   using System.ComponentModel;
   using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
   
   using Esri.ArcGISRuntime.Symbology;
   using Esri.ArcGISRuntime.Tasks.Geocoding;
   using Esri.ArcGISRuntime.UI;
   using System.Drawing;
   using System.Linq;
   using System.Threading.Tasks;
   

3. In the view model, create a new property named GraphicsOverlays. This is a collection of GraphicsOverlay that will store geocode result graphics (address location and label).

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           private Map? _map;
           public Map? Map
           {
               get { return _map; }
               set
               {
                   _map = value;
                   OnPropertyChanged();
               }
           }
   
           private GraphicsOverlayCollection? _graphicsOverlayCollection;
           public GraphicsOverlayCollection? GraphicsOverlays
           {
               get { return _graphicsOverlayCollection; }
               set
               {
                   _graphicsOverlayCollection = value;
                   OnPropertyChanged();
               }
           }
   

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4. At the end of the SetupMap function, add code to create a new GraphicsOverlay, add it to a collection, and assign it to the GraphicsOverlays property.

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               // Set the view model "Map" property.
               this.Map = map;
   
               // Set the view model "GraphicsOverlays" property.
               GraphicsOverlay overlay = new GraphicsOverlay();
               GraphicsOverlayCollection overlayCollection = new GraphicsOverlayCollection
               {
                   overlay
               };
               this.GraphicsOverlays = overlayCollection;
   
           }
   

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5. In the Visual Studio > Solution Explorer, double-click MainWindow.xaml to open the file.

6. Use data binding to bind the GraphicsOverlays property of the MapViewModel to the MapView control.

   More info

   Data binding and the Model-View-ViewModel (MVVM) design pattern allow you to separate the logic in your app (the view model) from the presentation layer (the view). Graphics can be added and removed from the graphics overlays in the view model, and those changes appear in the map view through data binding.

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           <esri:MapView x:Name="MainMapView"
                         Map="{Binding Map, Source={StaticResource MapViewModel}}"
                         GraphicsOverlays="{Binding GraphicsOverlays, Source={StaticResource MapViewModel}}"/>
   

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Add a UI for user input

The user will type an address into a text box and then click a button to execute a search. The MapViewModel class contains the logic to execute the search, but the controls are managed by the view.

1. In the Visual Studio > Solution Explorer, double-click MainWindow.xaml to open the file.

2. Add a Border above the map view that contains the address search controls.

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       <Grid>
   
           <esri:MapView x:Name="MainMapView"
                         Map="{Binding Map, Source={StaticResource MapViewModel}}"
                         GraphicsOverlays="{Binding GraphicsOverlays, Source={StaticResource MapViewModel}}"/>
   
           <Border Background="LightBlue"
                   HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Top"
                   Width="300" Height="60"
                   Margin="0,10">
               <Grid>
                   <Grid.RowDefinitions>
                       <RowDefinition Height="20"/>
                       <RowDefinition Height="30" />
                   </Grid.RowDefinitions>
                   <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
                       <ColumnDefinition Width="3*" />
                       <ColumnDefinition Width="*" />
                   </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
                   <TextBlock Text="Search for an address"
                              Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="0" Grid.ColumnSpan="2"
                              TextAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center"
                              FontWeight="SemiBold" />
                   <TextBox x:Name="AddressTextBox"
                            Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="0"
                            Margin="5"
                            Text="380 New York Street, Redlands CA"/>
                   <Button x:Name="SearchAddressButton"
                           Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="1"
                           Margin="5"
                           Content="Search"
                           Click="SearchAddressButton_Click" />
               </Grid>
           </Border>
   
       </Grid>
   

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Create a function to geocode an address

Geocoding is implemented with a locator, typically created by referencing a geocoding service such as the Geocoding service or, for offline geocoding, by referencing locator data contained in a mobile package. Geocoding parameters can be used to fine-tune the results, such as setting the maximum number of results or requesting additional attributes in the results.

1. In the Visual Studio > Solution Explorer, double-click MapViewModel.cs to open the file.

   More info

   Keeping with the MVVM design pattern, the geocoding logic, along with any code unrelated to the user interface, is stored in the view model.

2. Add a new function to search for an address and return its geographic location. The address string and a spatial reference (for output locations) are passed to the function. The function is marked async since it will make asynchronous calls using the await keyword.

   More info

   Asynchronous functions generally return Task<T>, where T is the type expected by the awaited call. In this function, when an address is geocoded, a MapPoint representing the address location is returned. If geocoding fails to find a match, null is returned.

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               // Set the view model "Map" property.
               this.Map = map;
   
               // Set the view model "GraphicsOverlays" property.
               GraphicsOverlay overlay = new GraphicsOverlay();
               GraphicsOverlayCollection overlayCollection = new GraphicsOverlayCollection
               {
                   overlay
               };
               this.GraphicsOverlays = overlayCollection;
   
           }
   
           public async Task<MapPoint?> SearchAddress(string address, SpatialReference spatialReference)
           {
               MapPoint? addressLocation = null;
   
               try
               {
   
               }
               catch (Exception ex)
               {
                   System.Windows.MessageBox.Show("Couldn't find address: " + ex.Message);
               }
   
               // Return the location of the geocode result.
               return addressLocation;
           }
   

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3. Get the GraphicsOverlay and clear all of its Graphics.

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           public async Task<MapPoint?> SearchAddress(string address, SpatialReference spatialReference)
           {
               MapPoint? addressLocation = null;
   
               try
               {
   
                   // Get the first graphics overlay from the GraphicsOverlays and remove any previous result graphics.
                   GraphicsOverlay? graphicsOverlay = this.GraphicsOverlays?.FirstOrDefault();
                   graphicsOverlay?.Graphics.Clear();
   

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4. Create a LocatorTask based on the Geocoding service.

   More info

   A locator task is used to find the location of an address (geocode) or to interpolate an address for a location (reverse geocode). An address includes any type of information that distinguishes a place. A locator involves finding matching locations for a given address. Reverse-geocoding is the opposite and finds the closest address for a given location.

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                   // Get the first graphics overlay from the GraphicsOverlays and remove any previous result graphics.
                   GraphicsOverlay? graphicsOverlay = this.GraphicsOverlays?.FirstOrDefault();
                   graphicsOverlay?.Graphics.Clear();
   
                   // Create a locator task.
                   LocatorTask locatorTask = new LocatorTask(new Uri("https://geocode-api.arcgis.com/arcgis/rest/services/World/GeocodeServer"));
   

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5. Create a new GeocodeParameters and define some of its properties.

   • Add the names of attributes to return to the GeocodeParameters.ResultAttributeNames collection. An asterisk (*) indicates all attributes.
   • Set the maximum number of results to be returned with GeocodeParameters.MaxResults. Results are ordered by score, so that the first result has the best match score (ranging from 0 for no match to 100 for the best match).
   • Set the spatial reference for result locations with GeocodeParameters.OutputSpatialReference. By default, the output spatial reference is defined by the geocode service. For optimal performance when displaying the geocode result, you can ensure that returned coordinates match those of the map view by providing the map view's spatial reference.
   More info

   When geocoding an address, you can optionally provide GeocodeParameters to control certain aspects of the geocoding operation and specify the kinds of results to return from the locator task. Learn more about these parameters in the GeocodeParameters. For a list of attributes returned with geocode results, see Geocoding service output in the ArcGIS services reference.

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                   // Create a locator task.
                   LocatorTask locatorTask = new LocatorTask(new Uri("https://geocode-api.arcgis.com/arcgis/rest/services/World/GeocodeServer"));
   
                   // Define geocode parameters: limit the results to one and get all attributes.
                   GeocodeParameters geocodeParameters = new GeocodeParameters();
                   geocodeParameters.ResultAttributeNames.Add("*");
                   geocodeParameters.MaxResults = 1;
                   geocodeParameters.OutputSpatialReference = spatialReference;
   

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6. To find the location for the provided address, call LocatorTask.GeocodeAsync, providing the address string and geocodeParameters. The result is a read-only list of GeocodeResult objects. In this tutorial, either one or zero results will be returned, as the maximum results parameter was set to 1.

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                   // Define geocode parameters: limit the results to one and get all attributes.
                   GeocodeParameters geocodeParameters = new GeocodeParameters();
                   geocodeParameters.ResultAttributeNames.Add("*");
                   geocodeParameters.MaxResults = 1;
                   geocodeParameters.OutputSpatialReference = spatialReference;
   
                   // Geocode the address string and get the first (only) result.
                   IReadOnlyList<GeocodeResult> results = await locatorTask.GeocodeAsync(address, geocodeParameters);
                   GeocodeResult? geocodeResult = results[0];
                   if(geocodeResult == null) { throw new Exception("No matches found."); }
   

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Display the result

The geocode result can be displayed by adding a graphic to the map view's graphics overlay.

1. If a result was found, create two Graphic objects and add them to the graphicsOverlay. Create a graphic to display the geocode result's location, and another to show the geocode result's label text (the located address).

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                   // Geocode the address string and get the first (only) result.
                   IReadOnlyList<GeocodeResult> results = await locatorTask.GeocodeAsync(address, geocodeParameters);
                   GeocodeResult? geocodeResult = results[0];
                   if(geocodeResult == null) { throw new Exception("No matches found."); }
   
                   // Create a graphic to display the result location.
                   SimpleMarkerSymbol markerSymbol = new SimpleMarkerSymbol(SimpleMarkerSymbolStyle.Square, Color.Blue, 12);
                   Graphic markerGraphic = new Graphic(geocodeResult.DisplayLocation, geocodeResult.Attributes, markerSymbol);
   
                   // Create a graphic to display the result address label.
                   TextSymbol textSymbol = new TextSymbol(geocodeResult.Label, Color.Red, 18, HorizontalAlignment.Center, VerticalAlignment.Bottom);
                   Graphic textGraphic = new Graphic(geocodeResult.DisplayLocation, textSymbol);
   
                   // Add the location and label graphics to the graphics overlay.
                   graphicsOverlay?.Graphics.Add(markerGraphic);
                   graphicsOverlay?.Graphics.Add(textGraphic);
   

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2. Set addressLocation with the location of the result to return it from the function. The calling function will use this MapPoint to pan the display to the result location.

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                   // Add the location and label graphics to the graphics overlay.
                   graphicsOverlay?.Graphics.Add(markerGraphic);
                   graphicsOverlay?.Graphics.Add(textGraphic);
   
                   // Set the address location to return from the function.
                   addressLocation = geocodeResult?.DisplayLocation;
   

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Search for an address when the button is clicked

1. In the Visual Studio > Solution Explorer, double-click MainWindow.xaml.cs to open the file.

   More info

   A view defined with XAML, such as MainWindow, is composed of two files in a Visual Studio project. The visual elements (such as map views, buttons, text boxes, and so on) are defined with XAML markup in a .xaml file. This file is often referred to as the "page". The code for the XAML elements is stored in an associated .xaml.cs file that is known as the "code-behind", since it stores the code behind the controls. Keeping with the MVVM design pattern, user interface events (such as the code that responds to a button click) are handled in the code-behind for the view.

2. Add a handler for the SearchAddressButton click event.

   More info

   Asynchronous functions should return Task or Task<T>. For event handlers, such as the Button.Click handler, the function must return void to conform to the delegate signature. See the Microsoft documentation regarding Async return types.

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           public MainWindow()
           {
               InitializeComponent();
   
               // Create a point centered on the Santa Monica mountains in Southern California.
               // Longitude=118.805 degrees West, Latitude=34.027 degrees North
               var mapCenterPoint = new Esri.ArcGISRuntime.Geometry.MapPoint(-118.805, 34.027, Esri.ArcGISRuntime.Geometry.SpatialReferences.Wgs84);
   
               // Create a viewpoint for the initial display of the map.
               // Use the point defined above and a scale of 1:100,000
               MainMapView.SetViewpoint(new Esri.ArcGISRuntime.Mapping.Viewpoint(mapCenterPoint, 100_000));
           }
   
           private async void SearchAddressButton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
           {
   
           }
   

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3. Find MapViewModel from the page resources.

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           private async void SearchAddressButton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
           {
   
               // Get the MapViewModel from the page (defined as a static resource).
               var viewModel = (MapViewModel)FindResource("MapViewModel");
               if(viewModel == null) { return; }
   
           }
   

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4. Call the SearchAddress function on the MapViewModel and store the returned MapPoint.

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           private async void SearchAddressButton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
           {
   
               // Get the MapViewModel from the page (defined as a static resource).
               var viewModel = (MapViewModel)FindResource("MapViewModel");
               if(viewModel == null) { return; }
   
               // Call SearchAddress on the view model, pass the address text and the map view's spatial reference.
               var spatialReference = MainMapView.SpatialReference;
               if(spatialReference== null) { return; }
               MapPoint? addressPoint = await viewModel.SearchAddress(AddressTextBox.Text, spatialReference);
   
           }
   

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5. If a map point is returned, center the MapView on the address result.

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           private async void SearchAddressButton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
           {
   
               // Get the MapViewModel from the page (defined as a static resource).
               var viewModel = (MapViewModel)FindResource("MapViewModel");
               if(viewModel == null) { return; }
   
               // Call SearchAddress on the view model, pass the address text and the map view's spatial reference.
               var spatialReference = MainMapView.SpatialReference;
               if(spatialReference== null) { return; }
               MapPoint? addressPoint = await viewModel.SearchAddress(AddressTextBox.Text, spatialReference);
   
               // If a result was found, center the display on it.
               if (addressPoint != null)
               {
                   await MainMapView.SetViewpointCenterAsync(addressPoint);
               }
   
           }
   

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6. Click Debug > Start Debugging (or press <F5> on the keyboard) to run the app.

You should see the address search controls at the top center of the map. To search for an address, enter an address and then click Search. If a result is found, the map will pan to the location and label a graphic for that address.

What's next?

Learn how to use additional API features, ArcGIS location services, and ArcGIS tools in these tutorials:

• Find a route and directions